Departments of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7080, USA.
Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7080, USA.
Learn Mem. 2019 Apr 16;26(5):151-165. doi: 10.1101/lm.048983.118. Print 2019 May.
Sensory feedback shapes ongoing behavior and may produce learning and memory. Motor responses to edible or inedible food in a reduced preparation were examined to test how sensory feedback affects behavior and memory. Feeding patterns were initiated by applying a cholinomimetic onto the cerebral ganglion. Feedback from buccal muscles increased the response variability and response rate. Repeated application of the cholinomimetic caused decreased responses, expressed in part by lengthening protractions. Swallowing strips of "edible" food, which in intact animals induces learning that enhances ingestion, increased the response rate, and shortened the protraction length, reflecting more swallowing. Testing memory by repeating the procedure prevented the decrease in response rate observed with the cholinomimetic alone, and shortened protractions. Training with "inedible" food that in intact animals produces learning expressed by decreased responses caused lengthened protractions. Testing memory by repeating the procedure did not cause decreased responses or lengthened protractions. After training and testing with edible or inedible food, all preparations were exposed to the cholinomimetic alone. Preparations previously trained with edible food displayed memory expressed as decreased protraction length. Preparations previously trained with inedible food showed decreases in many response parameters. Memory for inedible food may arise in part via a postsynaptic decrease in response to acetylcholine released by afferents sensing food. The lack of change in response number, and in the time that responses are maintained during the two training sessions preceding application of the cholinomimetic alone suggests that memory expression may differ from behavioral changes during training.
感觉反馈塑造着持续的行为，并可能产生学习和记忆。为了测试感觉反馈如何影响行为和记忆，研究人员检查了对可食用或不可食用的简化食物的反应。通过在脑神经节上施加拟胆碱药物来启动进食模式。来自口腔肌肉的反馈增加了反应的可变性和反应率。拟胆碱药物的重复应用导致反应减少，部分表现为延伸时间延长。吞咽“可食用”食物条带会在完整动物中引起学习，从而增强摄入，这会增加反应率，并缩短延伸长度，反映出更多的吞咽。通过重复该程序测试记忆，可以防止仅用拟胆碱药物观察到的反应率下降，并缩短延伸时间。用完整动物产生学习的不可食用食物进行训练会导致反应减少，从而延长延伸时间。通过重复该程序测试记忆，不会导致反应减少或延伸时间延长。在用可食用或不可食用食物进行训练和测试后，所有准备都单独暴露于拟胆碱药物下。以前用可食用食物训练过的准备表现出记忆，表现为延伸时间缩短。以前用不可食用食物训练过的准备显示出许多反应参数的减少。对不可食用食物的记忆可能部分是由于对感觉食物的传入神经释放的乙酰胆碱的反应的突触后减少而产生的。在单独应用拟胆碱药物之前的两次训练期间，反应数量和维持反应的时间没有变化，这表明记忆表达可能与训练期间的行为变化不同。
