Susswein A J, Schwarz M, Feldman E
J Neurosci. 1986 May;6(5):1513-27. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.06-05-01513.1986.
Feeding behavior in Aplysia fasciata and A. oculifera is modified by pairing the behavior with reinforcing consequences. Successful and unsuccessful attempts to transfer food from the buccal cavity to the crop act as positive and negative reinforcers, respectively. A number of changes in feeding behavior occur as a result of pairing of feeding with the negative reinforcer: feeding responses become less effective in leading to the entry of food into the buccal cavity; when food does enter the buccal cavity, it exits sooner; swallowing responses after food entry are less likely to occur; Aplysia eventually cease responding to food. Pairing successful transfer of food into the crop with feeding behavior produces opposite effects. Behavioral change is specific to pairing, as shown by lack of change when reinforcement is explicitly unpaired with feeding behavior. Behavioral change is specific to foods with a particular taste and texture; generalization to alternate foods was not observed. In spite of cessation of feeding, animals remain aroused, as shown by low response latency to alternate foods. Memory of response change persists for at least 48 hr.
通过将行为与强化结果配对，可改变宽带海兔和眼斑海兔的摄食行为。从口腔向嗉囊转移食物的成功和不成功尝试分别充当正强化物和负强化物。由于将摄食与负强化物配对，摄食行为出现了一些变化：摄食反应在促使食物进入口腔方面变得不那么有效；当食物确实进入口腔时，它会更快地出来；食物进入后吞咽反应更不容易发生；宽带海兔最终停止对食物做出反应。将食物成功转移到嗉囊与摄食行为配对会产生相反的效果。行为变化特定于配对，当强化与摄食行为明确不配对时缺乏变化就表明了这一点。行为变化特定于具有特定味道和质地的食物；未观察到对替代食物的泛化。尽管停止了摄食，但动物仍然处于兴奋状态，这从对替代食物的低反应潜伏期可以看出。反应变化的记忆至少持续48小时。
