Behzadi Payam, Behzadi Elham, Pawlak-Adamska Edyta Agnieszka
Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland.
GMS Hyg Infect Control. 2019 Feb 18;14:Doc14. doi: 10.3205/dgkh000320. eCollection 2019.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) and genital tract infections (GTIs) are both very common infectious diseases. Thus, accuracy and rapidity in recognition and treatment of sexually transmitted urogenital tract infections (ST-UGTIs) is a major concern in global public health systems. The application of reliable, accurate diagnostic tools is the key to definite detection, identification and treatment. This literature review focused on different characteristics of UGTIs in patients and the importance of diagnostic methodologies. The articles published and indexed from 1980 through October 2018 in the databases of PubMed and MEDLINE, as well as the Google Scholar web search engine, were collected and studied. MeSH keywords of "Sexual intercourse", "Urinary Tract Infections", "Genital Tract Infections" and "Toll-Like Receptors" were used for searching articles. Then, the proper articles (original and review articles) were subjected to a very rigorous selection process. The clinical symptoms and signs or asymptomatic properties of UTIs and GTIs are similar and often overlap. In many cases, the lack of suitable diagnostic techniques leads to misdiagnosed/undignosed GTIs and overdiagnosed UTIs. The outcome of poor diagnostics is failure of definite identification and treatment. The application of advanced techniques comprising PCR, microarray and next-generation sequencing promises to be more effective, together with the use of the microbial pattern of the individual's UGT to provide reliable detection, identification and definite treatment. This will be an option in the near future.
尿路感染（UTIs）和生殖道感染（GTIs）都是非常常见的传染病。因此，性传播泌尿生殖道感染（ST-UGTIs）的识别和治疗的准确性和快速性是全球公共卫生系统的主要关注点。应用可靠、准确的诊断工具是明确检测、识别和治疗的关键。这篇文献综述聚焦于患者泌尿生殖道感染的不同特征以及诊断方法的重要性。收集并研究了1980年至2018年10月期间发表并收录于PubMed和MEDLINE数据库以及谷歌学术搜索引擎的文章。使用“性交”、“尿路感染”、“生殖道感染”和“Toll样受体”等医学主题词（MeSH）来搜索文章。然后，对合适的文章（原创文章和综述文章）进行非常严格的筛选过程。尿路感染和生殖道感染的临床症状和体征或无症状特性相似且常常重叠。在许多情况下，缺乏合适的诊断技术会导致生殖道感染误诊/漏诊以及尿路感染过度诊断。诊断不佳的结果是无法明确识别和治疗。包括聚合酶链反应（PCR）、微阵列和下一代测序在内的先进技术的应用有望更有效，同时利用个体泌尿生殖道的微生物模式来提供可靠的检测、识别和明确的治疗。这将是不久的将来的一种选择。
