Luz Carlos, Cordovil Rita, Rodrigues Luís Paulo, Gao Zan, Goodway Jacqueline D, Sacko Ryan S, Nesbitt Danielle R, Ferkel Rick C, True Larissa K, Stodden David F
Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa & CIED, Lisboa 1549-003, Portugal.
CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1495-687, Portugal.
J Sport Health Sci. 2019 Mar;8(2):130-136. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.01.005. Epub 2019 Jan 14.
Motor competence and health-related fitness are important components for the development and maintenance of a healthy lifestyle in children. This study examined cross-cultural performances on motor competence and health-related fitness between Portuguese and U.S. children.
Portuguese ( = 508; 10.14 ± 2.13 years , mean ± SD) and U.S. ( = 710; 9.48 ± 1.62 years) children performed tests of cardiorespiratory fitness (Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run), upper body strength (handgrip), locomotor skill performance (standing long jump), and object projection skill performance (throwing and kicking). Portuguese and U.S. children were divided into 2 age groups (6-9 and 10-13 years) for data analysis purposes. A two-factor one-way analysis of covariance (ANOVA) was conducted with the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run, handgrip, standing long jump scores, kicking, and throwing speed (km/h) as dependent variables.
Results indicated that Portuguese children, irrespective of sex, presented better performances in locomotor and cardiorespiratory performance (standing long jump and Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run) than U.S. children in both age bands. U.S. children outperformed Portuguese children during throwing and handgrip tests. Kicking tests presented gender differences: Portuguese boys and U.S. girls outperformed their internationally matched counterparts.
Cultural differences in physical education curricula and sports participation may impact differences in motor competence and fitness development in these countries.
运动能力和与健康相关的体能是儿童健康生活方式发展和维持的重要组成部分。本研究考察了葡萄牙和美国儿童在运动能力和与健康相关体能方面的跨文化表现。
葡萄牙儿童（n = 508；平均年龄10.14 ± 2.13岁，均值 ± 标准差）和美国儿童（n = 710；平均年龄9.48 ± 1.62岁）进行了心肺适能测试（渐进性有氧心血管耐力跑）、上肢力量测试（握力）、运动技能表现测试（立定跳远）和物体投射技能表现测试（投掷和踢）。为便于数据分析，将葡萄牙和美国儿童分为两个年龄组（6 - 9岁和10 - 13岁）。以渐进性有氧心血管耐力跑、握力、立定跳远成绩、踢和投掷速度（千米/小时）为因变量，进行双因素单因素协方差分析（ANOVA）。
结果表明，无论性别如何，葡萄牙儿童在两个年龄组的运动和心肺表现（立定跳远和渐进性有氧心血管耐力跑）方面均优于美国儿童。在投掷和握力测试中，美国儿童的表现优于葡萄牙儿童。踢的测试存在性别差异：葡萄牙男孩和美国女孩的表现优于各自国际上对应的性别群体。
体育课程和体育参与方面的文化差异可能会影响这些国家在运动能力和体能发展方面的差异。
