Insight: Piaget Research Center for Ecological Human Development, Piaget Institute, Almada, Portugal.
Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), Melgaço, Portugal.
PLoS One. 2024 May 30;19(5):e0304524. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304524. eCollection 2024.
Motor Competence (MC) is related to the development of healthy lifestyles in children and adolescents, and many studies have compared it with different variables, including sports participation. This investigation aimed to characterize the components and total scores of MC regarding different physical activity practices, such as physical education (PE) classes, futsal, volleyball, and ballet, and to compare MC regarding sports, sex, and age-groups.
Using a cross-sectional study, 398 Portuguese children and adolescents (398 participants: 200 boys and 198 girls; 12.649±3.46 years) were conveniently chosen between 2022 and 2023. Four groups of different sports were created: PE classes (n = 187), futsal (n = 80), volleyball (n = 101) and ballet (n = 30), and four different age groups: 7 to 9 years old (n = 117); 10 to 12 years old (n = 65), 13 to 15 years old (n = 96) and, 16 to 19 years old (n = 120). All participants reported to participate in at least two training sessions per week (1 hour each) for at least two years. MC was assessed with Motor Competence Assessment (MCA) comprising three components with six tests (two tests for each component). Participants' total MC was calculated as the average of the three components of the MCA. Data were analyzed by applying ANOVA one-way with LSD post-hoc.
Differences were found in MC among groups, where futsal participants showed better scores in general. Sex comparison showed that boys have a higher MC when practicing futsal, especially compared to volleyball players. Age-group analysis showed that younger participants had better MC levels compared to older ones.
The whole group showed the 50th percentile of MC, but volleyball adolescents showed results below this reference. MC is intrinsically linked to an individual's motor experiences and motivations rather than depending directly on the specific practice of the sport.
运动能力（MC）与儿童和青少年健康生活方式的发展有关，许多研究已经将其与包括运动参与在内的不同变量进行了比较。本研究旨在描述 MC 与不同体育活动实践的组成部分和总分之间的关系，例如体育课、五人制足球、排球和芭蕾舞，并比较运动、性别和年龄组的 MC。
本研究采用横断面研究设计，于 2022 年至 2023 年期间方便地选择了 398 名葡萄牙儿童和青少年（398 名参与者：200 名男孩和 198 名女孩；12.649±3.46 岁）。创建了四个不同运动的小组：体育课（n = 187）、五人制足球（n = 80）、排球（n = 101）和芭蕾舞（n = 30），以及四个不同的年龄组：7 至 9 岁（n = 117）；10 至 12 岁（n = 65）；13 至 15 岁（n = 96）和 16 至 19 岁（n = 120）。所有参与者报告每周至少参加两次训练（每次 1 小时），至少持续两年。MC 使用运动能力评估（MCA）进行评估，该评估包括三个组成部分，每个组成部分有六个测试（每个组成部分两个测试）。参与者的总 MC 是 MCA 三个组成部分的平均值。数据分析采用单因素方差分析和 LSD 事后检验。
MC 在组间存在差异，五人制足球参与者的得分普遍较高。性别比较显示，男孩在踢五人制足球时的 MC 更高，尤其是与排球运动员相比。年龄组分析表明，年轻参与者的 MC 水平高于年长参与者。
整个组的 MC 都处于第 50 百分位数，但排球青少年的成绩低于这个参考值。MC 与个体的运动经验和动机密切相关，而不是直接依赖于运动的具体实践。
