a Institute of Psychology , University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland.
Anxiety Stress Coping. 2019 Jul;32(4):412-427. doi: 10.1080/10615806.2019.1597859. Epub 2019 Apr 19.
Emotion regulation involves attempts to influence emotion unfolding and may target experiential, expressive and physiological responses. Several strategies can be used, such as (re-evaluating the emotional situation to reduce its emotional meaning) or (turning the attention toward non-emotional aspects of the situation). Previous research on these regulation strategies produced contrasting results regarding their efficiency and we hypothesize that this could be due to individual differences such as trait anxiety. Participants ( = 77) were confronted with negative pictures and we examined the differential emotional reactivity according to trait anxiety, followed by a comparison of the efficiency of reappraisal and distraction in reducing emotional responses. Results show that trait anxiety has no impact on reactivity at the experiential and expressive levels, but has an impact at the physiological level, where high anxiety individuals show increased cardiac orienting effect, as well as higher skin conductance and respiratory rate. Regarding regulation, reappraisal and distraction successfully reduce emotional experience and expressivity, but not physiological arousal. Such contrasting results involve that high trait anxiety individuals might benefit from the use of other kinds of strategies than reappraisal and distraction, some that may successfully target physiological responses.
情绪调节涉及试图影响情绪的展开，可能针对体验、表达和生理反应。可以使用几种策略，例如（重新评估情绪情况以降低其情绪意义）或（将注意力转向情况的非情绪方面）。先前关于这些调节策略的研究结果在其效率方面存在差异，我们假设这可能是由于个体差异，如特质焦虑。参与者（n=77）被呈现负面图片，我们根据特质焦虑检查了情绪反应的差异，然后比较了重新评估和分心在降低情绪反应方面的效率。结果表明，特质焦虑对体验和表达水平的反应没有影响，但对生理水平有影响，高焦虑个体表现出更高的心脏定向效应，以及更高的皮肤电导和呼吸率。关于调节，重新评估和分心成功地降低了情绪体验和表达性，但不能降低生理唤醒。这些对比结果表明，高特质焦虑个体可能受益于使用其他类型的策略，而不是重新评估和分心，一些策略可能成功地针对生理反应。
