Department of Health and Community Systems, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci). 2019 May;13(2):147-153. doi: 10.1016/j.anr.2019.04.001. Epub 2019 Apr 16.
The purpose of this study was to explore psychological distress and examine the relationship between this distress and individual, family, and school factors among adolescents in four low- and middle-income countries (LAMICs) in Asia (i.e., Laos, Mongolia, Nepal, and Sri Lanka).
A total of 4,098 adolescents attending public schools in the four LAMICs were surveyed as part of the Healthy School Development Project, which aimed to develop school capacity for improving (1) health among all school members and (2) the school environment through tailored school health programs. Psychological distress, family factors (i.e., parental understanding and monitoring, and parental tobacco and alcohol use), and school factors (i.e., having close friends, not bullied, school attendance, and health education) were assessed using self-report questionnaires. Data were collected from September to November in 2012 and 2013. Data analysis comprised descriptive statistics, Chi-squared testing, and logistic regression.
Over half of the participants were women (53.2%-64.1%), and 33.7% (in Sri Lanka) to 53.8% (in Laos) were aged older than 15 years. Approximately 32.9% reported the presence of psychological distress; moreover, 7.9%-13.2% reported suicidal ideation. Parental monitoring and being bullied were associated with psychological distress in all four countries.
One-third of adolescents experience psychological distress across these four LAMICs, which poses a substantial public health issue. Adolescents can benefit from family and school-based approaches for screening, ameliorating, and preventing psychological distress.
本研究旨在探讨亚洲四个中低收入国家（LAMICs）（老挝、蒙古、尼泊尔和斯里兰卡）青少年的心理困扰，并研究这种困扰与个体、家庭和学校因素之间的关系。
共有来自四个 LAMIC 地区公立学校的 4098 名青少年参加了健康学校发展项目的调查，该项目旨在通过定制的学校健康计划，提高（1）所有学校成员的健康水平和（2）学校环境。使用自我报告问卷评估心理困扰、家庭因素（即父母的理解和监督、父母的烟草和酒精使用）和学校因素（即有亲密朋友、不被欺凌、出勤率和健康教育）。数据于 2012 年 9 月至 11 月和 2013 年收集。数据分析包括描述性统计、卡方检验和逻辑回归。
超过一半的参与者是女性（53.2%-64.1%），年龄在 15 岁以上的参与者占 33.7%（在斯里兰卡）到 53.8%（在老挝）。约 32.9%的人报告存在心理困扰；此外，7.9%-13.2%的人报告有自杀意念。在所有四个国家，父母的监督和被欺凌都与心理困扰有关。
这四个 LAMIC 中有三分之一的青少年存在心理困扰，这是一个重大的公共卫生问题。青少年可以从家庭和学校为基础的方法中受益，这些方法可以用于筛查、改善和预防心理困扰。
