Sasaki Ryo, Osaki Mitsuhiko, Okada Futoshi
Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan.
Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan.
Cancers (Basel). 2019 Apr 18;11(4):553. doi: 10.3390/cancers11040553.
Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor of the bones that commonly occurs in young individuals. The 5-year survival rate of osteosarcoma patients is 60-70%. Metastasis to the lungs leads to death in 30-40% of osteosarcoma patients. Therefore, the development of effective strategies for early detection and treatment of this disease are important to improve the survival of osteosarcoma patients. However, metastatic markers for osteosarcoma and molecules that might be targeted for the treatment of metastatic osteosarcoma have not been identified yet. Therefore, the mechanism of metastasis to the lungs needs to be explored from a novel viewpoint. Recently, the aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been reported to be involved in the carcinogenesis and cancer progression of many cancers. Furthermore, miRNAs in the blood have been reported to show an aberrant expression unique to several cancers. Therefore, miRNAs are gaining attention as potential diagnostic markers for cancers. On the other hand, normalizing the dysregulated expression of miRNAs in cancer cells has been shown to alter the phenotype of cancer cells, and thus treatment strategies targeting miRNAs are also being considered. This review summarizes the abnormality of miRNA expression associated with the metastasis of osteosarcoma and describes the present situation and issues regarding the early diagnosis and development of treatment strategies for metastatic osteosarcoma based on the current understanding of this disease.
骨肉瘤是一种常见于年轻人的骨恶性肿瘤。骨肉瘤患者的5年生存率为60%-70%。30%-40%的骨肉瘤患者会因肺转移而死亡。因此，制定有效的早期检测和治疗该疾病的策略对于提高骨肉瘤患者的生存率至关重要。然而，骨肉瘤的转移标志物以及可能用于治疗转移性骨肉瘤的分子尚未被确定。因此，需要从新的角度探索肺转移的机制。最近，有报道称微小RNA（miRNA）的异常表达与许多癌症的发生和进展有关。此外，据报道血液中的miRNA在几种癌症中表现出独特的异常表达。因此，miRNA作为癌症的潜在诊断标志物正受到关注。另一方面，已证明使癌细胞中失调的miRNA表达正常化会改变癌细胞的表型，因此也在考虑针对miRNA的治疗策略。本综述总结了与骨肉瘤转移相关的miRNA表达异常情况，并基于对该疾病的当前认识描述了转移性骨肉瘤早期诊断和治疗策略开发的现状及问题。
