Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Advantage Plants Resources in Hunan South, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, Hunan, China.
Yongzhou City Strange Snake Science and Technology Industrial Co., Ltd., Yongzhou, Hunan, 425000, China.
Sci Rep. 2019 Apr 19;9(1):6335. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-42787-6.
To further investigate the bacterial community and identify the bacterial biomarkers between venom secretion and non-venom secretion snakes, 50 intestinal samples (25 large intestine, 25 small intestine) were obtained from 29 snakes (13 gut samples from Deinagkistrodon, 26 from Naja and 11 from Ptyas mucosa). 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing results showed that 29 bacterial phyla, 545 bacterial genera, and 1,725 OTUs (operational taxonomic units) were identified in these samples. OTU numbers and the Ace, Chao, Shannon, and Simpson indexes were very similar among the three breeds of snakes included in this study. The Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria were predominant bacterial phyla. The relative abundance at the phylum level among these samples was similar, and the difference between small and large intestinal samples was not obvious. However, at the genus level, venom secretion snakes Deinagkistrodon and Naja clustered together according to different breeds. 27, 24, and 16 genera were identified as core microbes for Deinagkistrodon, Naja, and Ptyas mucosa, respectively. Interestingly, the relative abundances of genera Hafnia_Obesumbacterium, Providencia, and Ureaplasma were found to be significantly higher in non-venom secretion snakes, and the genera Achromobacter, Cetobacterium, Clostridium innocuum group, Fusobacterium, Lachnoclostridium, Parabacteroides, and Romboutsia were only detected in venom secretion snakes. The function of these bacteria in venom secretion needs to be further studied, and these venom secretion related genera may be the promising target to improve venom production.
为了进一步研究毒液分泌和非毒液分泌蛇之间的细菌群落，并鉴定细菌生物标志物，从 29 条蛇中获得了 50 个肠道样本（25 个大肠样本，25 个小肠样本）（来自 Deinagkistrodon 的 13 个肠道样本，来自 Naja 的 26 个肠道样本和来自 Ptyas mucosa 的 11 个肠道样本）。16S rDNA 高通量测序结果表明，在这些样本中鉴定出了 29 个细菌门、545 个细菌属和 1725 个 OTUs（操作分类单元）。在本研究中包含的三个蛇种中，OTU 数量和 Ace、Chao、Shannon 和 Simpson 指数非常相似。厚壁菌门、Firmicutes、Fusobacteria 和 Proteobacteria 是主要的细菌门。这些样本在门水平上的相对丰度相似，小肠和大肠样本之间的差异不明显。然而，在属水平上，根据不同的品种，毒液分泌蛇 Deinagkistrodon 和 Naja 聚类在一起。分别鉴定出 27、24 和 16 个属为 Deinagkistrodon、Naja 和 Ptyas mucosa 的核心微生物。有趣的是，在非毒液分泌蛇中发现属 Hafnia_Obesumbacterium、Providencia 和 Ureaplasma 的相对丰度显著较高，而属 Achromobacter、Cetobacterium、Clostridium innocuum 组、Fusobacterium、Lachnoclostridium、Parabacteroides 和 Romboutsia 仅在毒液分泌蛇中检测到。这些细菌在毒液分泌中的功能需要进一步研究，这些与毒液分泌相关的属可能是提高毒液产量的有希望的目标。
