Beylot Antoine, Secchi Michela, Cerutti Alessandro, Merciai Stefano, Schmidt Jannick, Sala Serenella
European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
2.-0 LCA Consultants, Rendsburggade 14, room 1.431, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark.
J Clean Prod. 2019 Apr 10;216:382-393. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.134.
Sustainable Consumption and Production is one of the leading principle towards reducing environmental impacts globally. This study aims at combining Environmentally-Extended Input-Output Analysis (using EXIOBASE 3) with up-to-date impact assessment models to quantify the environmental impacts induced by final consumption in the EU Member States in 2011. The environmental extensions are characterized in 14 environmental impact categories out of the 16 used in the Environmental Footprint life cycle impact assessment method. A contribution analysis of key products and services as well as emissions and resources, which drive the environmental impacts of EU consumption, is conducted. Environmental impacts are mainly induced along the supply-chain of products and services. Several expenditures relative to services represent large shares both in the total final consumption and in the 14 impacts under study, despite a relatively low impact intensity. Food products, in particular meat and dairy products, are identified as key contributors regarding acidification, eutrophication, land use, and water use, and to a lower extent climate change. Finally, several manufactured products, raw materials and basic products respectively importantly contribute to impacts on human toxicity, freshwater ecotoxicity and resource uses. The total volume of final consumption expenditures per EU Member State appears a key explanatory variable to most of the impacts embodied in their consumption, yet to a lower extent regarding water use and fossils resource use. Finally, the current limitations in using EXIOBASE 3 for environmental impact assessment are discussed, with specific attention to EXIOBASE environmental extensions and to the case study on EU consumption. Since the classification of emissions and resources for impact assessment requires a number of assumptions that may influence the results, a sensitivity analysis is performed to exemplify some of the key issues relative to the characterization of impacts based on EXIOBASE environmental extensions.
可持续消费与生产是全球减少环境影响的主要原则之一。本研究旨在将环境扩展投入产出分析（使用EXIOBASE 3）与最新的影响评估模型相结合，以量化2011年欧盟成员国最终消费所引发的环境影响。环境扩展在环境足迹生命周期影响评估方法所使用的16个类别中的14个环境影响类别中进行了特征描述。对推动欧盟消费环境影响的关键产品和服务以及排放和资源进行了贡献分析。环境影响主要是在产品和服务的供应链中产生的。尽管服务的影响强度相对较低，但与服务相关的几项支出在总最终消费和所研究的14种影响中都占很大份额。食品，特别是肉类和奶制品，被确定为在酸化、富营养化、土地利用和水资源利用方面的关键贡献因素，在气候变化方面的贡献程度较低。最后，几种制成品、原材料和基础产品分别对人类毒性、淡水生态毒性和资源利用的影响有重要贡献。每个欧盟成员国最终消费支出的总量似乎是其消费中所体现的大多数影响的关键解释变量，但在水资源利用和化石资源利用方面的程度较低。最后，讨论了使用EXIOBASE 3进行环境影响评估的当前局限性，特别关注EXIOBASE环境扩展和欧盟消费案例研究。由于影响评估的排放和资源分类需要一些可能影响结果的假设，因此进行了敏感性分析，以举例说明与基于EXIOBASE环境扩展的影响特征相关的一些关键问题。
