Trolle Ellen, Nordman Matilda, Lassen Anne Dahl, Colley Tracey A, Mogensen Lisbeth
Nutrition, Sustainability and Health Promotion Group, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
Quantitative Sustainability Assessment (QSA) Group, Sustainability Division, Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
Foods. 2022 Apr 13;11(8):1119. doi: 10.3390/foods11081119.
Dietary transitions are important for combating many of the environmental challenges humanity is facing today and reducing the global burden of disease. Different dietary patterns are associated with substantially different carbon footprints (CFs). This study aims to estimate the potential CF reduction on a transition from the current Danish diet to a plant-rich diet consistent with the Danish food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) and to compare results obtained from the use of two different CF databases. Dietary intake data for adults aged 18-64 years from the national dietary survey 2011-2013 were used to calculate the CF of the current diet, and this was compared with the estimated CF of the plant-rich diet modelled for the FBDG. Calculations were carried out using an attributional life cycle assessment (LCA) database (AU-DTU data) and compared to calculations using a top-down hybrid consequential LCA database (BCD data). The transition from the current diet to the plant-rich diet showed a substantial estimated CF reduction of 31% with AU-DTU data, and a greater reduction with BCD data (43%). Ruminant meat reduction was the largest contributor to this CF reduction, especially with the use of BCD data, and other animal-based foods also contribute considerably to the CF reduction, especially with AU-DTU data. These results indicate that the choice of LCA methodology and CF database is important in estimation of dietary CF and for the development of guidelines to promote dietary change.
饮食转变对于应对人类当今面临的诸多环境挑战以及减轻全球疾病负担至关重要。不同的饮食模式与截然不同的碳足迹（CFs）相关联。本研究旨在估算从当前丹麦饮食转变为符合丹麦基于食物的饮食指南（FBDG）的富含植物性食物的饮食时，碳足迹的潜在减少量，并比较使用两个不同碳足迹数据库所获得的结果。利用2011 - 2013年全国饮食调查中18 - 64岁成年人的饮食摄入数据来计算当前饮食的碳足迹，并将其与为FBDG建模的富含植物性食物的饮食的估算碳足迹进行比较。使用归因生命周期评估（LCA）数据库（AU - DTU数据）进行计算，并与使用自上而下的混合结果LCA数据库（BCD数据）的计算结果进行比较。从当前饮食向富含植物性食物的饮食转变显示，使用AU - DTU数据时，估算的碳足迹大幅减少31%，使用BCD数据时减少幅度更大（43%）。反刍动物肉类摄入量的减少是碳足迹减少的最大贡献因素，尤其是在使用BCD数据时，其他动物性食物对碳足迹减少也有相当大的贡献，尤其是在使用AU - DTU数据时。这些结果表明，在估算饮食碳足迹以及制定促进饮食改变的指南时，LCA方法和碳足迹数据库的选择很重要。
