Graziani Natalia Soledad, Carreras Hebe, Wannaz Eduardo
Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, CONICET and FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016 GCA Córdoba, Argentina.
Heliyon. 2019 Apr 8;5(4):e01419. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01419. eCollection 2019 Apr.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an Endocrine disruptor compound (EDC), capable of interfering with hormone related pathways and cause adverse effects, for example, in the reproductive system in wildlife and humans. As it has multiple applications and uses, mainly in the manufacturing of plastic and resin products, increasing amounts are being released into the environment with resulting enhanced exposure pathways. Since negative effects have been demonstrated even at low doses, it has been increasingly studied. However, these investigations have focused on BPA leaching from food cans, drinks and other consumer products as the oral exposure route is believed to be the most important. Consequently, the potential hazards of dermal or inhalation exposure resulting from the current levels of BPA in the atmosphere are poorly understand. Of the few studies reporting BPA occurrence in air, none of these were carried out in South American countries. Thus, the aim the present investigation was to assess BPA current levels in particulate matter in an urban environment (Córdoba, Argentina) and to analyze its spatial-temporal trends and the influence of meteorological parameters using a medium volume air sampler. Our results suggested a spatial trend that decreased according to the distance to emission sources in the order: Industrial area > City Centre > University campus, whose levels were comparable to other urban cities and with the temporal trend showing a higher prevalence of the compound in the colder months. Wind speed (WS), temperature (T), atmospheric pressure (AP) and relative humidity (RL) were the most influenced variables. However daily values are unpredictable and depend mainly on the emission sources and punctual events that release BPA into the atmosphere. No risk factor could be quantified since there is no reference value for this exposure route; Nevertheless, this study represents the first approach and provides data about this emergent pollutant in and Argentinean city, thus contributing to global BPA studies.
双酚A（BPA）是一种内分泌干扰化合物（EDC），能够干扰与激素相关的途径并产生不利影响，例如，对野生动物和人类的生殖系统产生影响。由于它有多种应用和用途，主要用于塑料和树脂产品的制造，越来越多的双酚A被释放到环境中，导致接触途径增加。由于即使在低剂量下也已证明存在负面影响，因此对其的研究越来越多。然而，这些研究主要集中在食品罐头、饮料和其他消费品中双酚A的浸出，因为口服接触途径被认为是最重要的。因此，对于大气中当前双酚A水平导致的皮肤接触或吸入接触的潜在危害了解甚少。在少数报告空气中双酚A存在情况的研究中，没有一项是在南美国家进行的。因此，本研究的目的是使用中体积空气采样器评估城市环境（阿根廷科尔多瓦）中颗粒物中双酚A的当前水平，并分析其时空趋势以及气象参数的影响。我们的结果表明，存在一种空间趋势，即根据与排放源的距离按以下顺序降低：工业区＞市中心＞大学校园，其水平与其他城市相当，并且时间趋势显示该化合物在较冷月份的患病率更高。风速（WS）、温度（T）、大气压力（AP）和相对湿度（RL）是受影响最大的变量。然而，每日值不可预测，主要取决于将双酚A释放到大气中的排放源和突发事件。由于没有这种接触途径的参考值，因此无法量化风险因素；尽管如此，本研究是首次尝试，提供了有关阿根廷一个城市中这种新兴污染物的数据，从而为全球双酚A研究做出了贡献。
