Omolaoye Temidayo S, Skosana Bongekile T, Ferguson Lisa Marie, Ramsunder Yashthi, Ayad Bashir M, Du Plessis Stefan S
College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates.
Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7602, South Africa.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2024 Jan 1;13(1):64. doi: 10.3390/antiox13010064.
Air pollution, either from indoor (household) or outdoor (ambient) sources, occurs when there is presence of respirable particles in the form of chemical, physical, or biological agents that modify the natural features of the atmosphere or environment. Today, almost 2.4 billion people are exposed to hazardous levels of indoor pollution, while 99% of the global population breathes air pollutants that exceed the World Health Organization guideline limits. It is not surprising that air pollution is the world's leading environmental cause of diseases and contributes greatly to the global burden of diseases. Upon entry, air pollutants can cause an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by undergoing oxidation to generate quinones, which further act as oxidizing agents to yield more ROS. Excessive production of ROS can cause oxidative stress, induce lipid peroxidation, enhance the binding of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to their receptors, or bind to PAH to cause DNA strand breaks. The continuous and prolonged exposure to air pollutants is associated with the development or exacerbation of pathologies such as acute or chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative and skin diseases, and even reduced fertility potential. Males and females contribute to infertility equally, and exposure to air pollutants can negatively affect reproduction. In this review, emphasis will be placed on the implications of exposure to air pollutants on male fertility potential, bringing to light its effects on semen parameters (basic and advanced) and male sexual health. This study will also touch on the clinical implications of air pollution on male reproduction while highlighting the role of oxidative stress.
空气污染，无论是来自室内（家庭）还是室外（环境）源，当存在以化学、物理或生物制剂形式存在的可吸入颗粒，改变了大气或环境的自然特征时就会发生。如今，近24亿人暴露于有害水平的室内污染中，而全球99%的人口呼吸的空气污染物超过了世界卫生组织的指导限值。毫不奇怪，空气污染是世界上导致疾病的主要环境因素，对全球疾病负担有很大影响。进入人体后，空气污染物通过氧化生成醌类物质，从而导致活性氧（ROS）生成增加，醌类物质进一步作为氧化剂产生更多的ROS。ROS的过量产生会导致氧化应激，诱导脂质过氧化，增强多环芳烃（PAH）与其受体的结合，或与PAH结合导致DNA链断裂。持续和长期暴露于空气污染物与急性或慢性呼吸道和心血管疾病、神经退行性疾病和皮肤病等病理状况的发生或加重有关，甚至会降低生育潜力。男性和女性对不孕不育的影响相同，暴露于空气污染物会对生殖产生负面影响。在这篇综述中，将重点关注暴露于空气污染物对男性生育潜力的影响，揭示其对精液参数（基础和高级）和男性性健康的影响。本研究还将探讨空气污染对男性生殖的临床意义，同时强调氧化应激的作用。
