Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Clin Exp Immunol. 2019 Oct;198(1):15-23. doi: 10.1111/cei.13304. Epub 2019 May 6.
Extracellular vesicle (EV) exchange is emerging as a novel method of communication at the maternal-fetal interface. The presence of the EVs has been demonstrated in the preimplantation embryo culture medium from different species, such as bovines, porcines and humans. Preimplantation embryo-derived EVs have been shown to carry molecules potentially able to modulate the local endometrial immune system. The non-classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-G, the immunomodulatory molecule progesterone-induced blocking factor and some regulatory miRNAs species are contained in embryo-derived EV cargo. The implanted syncytiotrophoblasts are also well known to secrete EVs, with microvesicles exerting a mainly proinflammatory effect while exosomes in general mediate local immunotolerance. This review focuses on the current knowledge on the potential role of EVs released by the embryo in the first weeks of pregnancy on the maternal immune cells. Collectively, the data warrant further exploration of the dialogue between the mother and the embryo via EVs.
细胞外囊泡 (EV) 的交换正在成为母体-胎儿界面上一种新的通讯方式。已经在不同物种（如牛、猪和人）的胚胎植入前培养液中证明了 EV 的存在。胚胎衍生的 EV 已被证明携带潜在能够调节局部子宫内膜免疫系统的分子。非经典的主要组织相容性复合体 (MHC) Ⅰ类分子人类白细胞抗原 (HLA)-G、免疫调节分子孕酮诱导阻断因子和一些调节 miRNA 种类包含在胚胎衍生的 EV 货物中。植入的合胞滋养层也被证明会分泌 EV，微泡主要发挥促炎作用，而外泌体通常介导局部免疫耐受。这篇综述主要关注胚胎在妊娠早期释放的 EV 对母体免疫细胞的潜在作用的最新知识。总的来说，这些数据证明了通过 EV 进行母婴对话是有必要进一步探索的。
