School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 600 E. Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, WI, 53204, USA.
School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 600 E. Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, WI, 53204, USA.
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2019 Jun;57:145-150. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.03.015. Epub 2019 Apr 19.
Wastewater infrastructure is designed, in part, to remove microorganisms. However, many microorganisms are able to colonize infrastructure and resist treatment, resulting in an enormous flux of microorganisms to urban adjacent waters. These urban-associated microorganisms are discharged through three primary routes 1) failing infrastructure, 2) stormwater, and 3) treated wastewater effluent. Bacterial load estimates indicate failing infrastructure should be considered an equivalent source of microbial pollution as the other routes, but overall discharges are not well parameterized. More sophisticated methods, such as machine learning algorithms and microbiome characterization, are now used to track urban-derived microorganisms, including targets beyond fecal indicators, but development of methods to quantify the impact of these microbes/genes on human and ecosystem health is needed.
污水基础设施的设计部分是为了去除微生物。然而，许多微生物能够在基础设施上定殖并抵抗处理，导致大量微生物流向城市相邻水域。这些与城市相关的微生物通过三种主要途径排放：1）失效的基础设施，2）雨水，和 3）处理后的废水。细菌负荷估计表明，失效的基础设施应被视为与其他途径相当的微生物污染源，但总体排放量尚未得到很好的参数化。更复杂的方法，如机器学习算法和微生物组特征描述，现在被用于追踪城市衍生的微生物，包括粪便指示物以外的目标，但需要开发量化这些微生物/基因对人类和生态系统健康影响的方法。
