García-Pinel Beatriz, Porras-Alcalá Cristina, Ortega-Rodríguez Alicia, Sarabia Francisco, Prados Jose, Melguizo Consolación, López-Romero Juan M
Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2019 Apr 19;9(4):638. doi: 10.3390/nano9040638.
Many therapeutically active molecules are non-soluble in aqueous systems, chemically and biologically fragile or present severe side effects. Lipid-based nanoparticle (LBNP) systems represent one of the most promising colloidal carriers for bioactive organic molecules. Their current application in oncology has revolutionized cancer treatment by improving the antitumor activity of several chemotherapeutic agents. LBNPs advantages include high temporal and thermal stability, high loading capacity, ease of preparation, low production costs, and large-scale industrial production since they can be prepared from natural sources. Moreover, the association of chemotherapeutic agents with lipid nanoparticles reduces active therapeutic dose and toxicity, decreases drug resistance and increases drug levels in tumor tissue by decreasing them in healthy tissue. LBNPs have been extensively assayed in in vitro cancer therapy but also in vivo, with promising results in some clinical trials. This review summarizes the types of LBNPs that have been developed in recent years and the main results when applied in cancer treatment, including essential assays in patients.
许多具有治疗活性的分子在水性体系中不溶，化学和生物性质不稳定或存在严重的副作用。基于脂质的纳米颗粒（LBNP）系统是生物活性有机分子最有前景的胶体载体之一。它们目前在肿瘤学中的应用通过提高几种化疗药物的抗肿瘤活性，彻底改变了癌症治疗。LBNP的优点包括高的时间和热稳定性、高载药量、易于制备、低成本以及可大规模工业化生产，因为它们可以从天然来源制备。此外，化疗药物与脂质纳米颗粒结合可降低活性治疗剂量和毒性，减少耐药性，并通过降低健康组织中的药物水平来提高肿瘤组织中的药物浓度。LBNP已在体外癌症治疗中进行了广泛的试验，也在体内进行了试验，在一些临床试验中取得了有前景的结果。本综述总结了近年来开发的LBNP类型以及应用于癌症治疗时的主要结果，包括在患者中的重要试验。
