Liu Yang, Zhang Yinchao, Li Huikai, Hu Tony Y
Department of Hepatobiliary Cancer, Liver Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China.
Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300308, China.
Acta Pharm Sin B. 2025 Jan;15(1):97-122. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.007. Epub 2024 Dec 14.
Cancer remains a complex and challenging medical problem, driving extensive research efforts. Despite significant progress in understanding its genetic and molecular aspects, the quest for effective treatments continues. Nanomedicines have shown great potential for revolutionizing cancer treatment by offering targeted and controlled drug delivery, reducing side effects, and improving patient outcomes. Accordingly, nanomedicines have been the focus of extensive research and development for clinical translation. As of September 2024, a search on the ClinicalTrials.gov website using the term "nanoparticles" revealed numerous ongoing and planned clinical trials. Motivated by recent advances in the field, this review explores the current frontier of cancer nanomedicine. Nanomedicines have supported chemotherapy, phototherapy and sonodynamic therapy, nucleic acid therapy, and immunotherapy. However, translating nanomedicines into practice has been challenged by complex interactions between nanoparticles and biological systems, variable permeability and retention of nanoparticles in tumors, safety concerns, difficulty achieving targeted delivery, and issues with scaling up manufacturing. Perspectives on addressing these challenges are offered. Future opportunities for cancer nanomedicines, including modifying the tumor microenvironment, integrating artificial intelligence and big data, and targeting new medical areas, are also discussed. This review underscores the potential of cancer nanomedicines to revolutionize treatment from a clinical standpoint.
癌症仍然是一个复杂且具有挑战性的医学问题，推动着广泛的研究工作。尽管在了解其遗传和分子方面取得了重大进展，但对有效治疗方法的探索仍在继续。纳米药物通过提供靶向和可控的药物递送、减少副作用以及改善患者预后，在彻底改变癌症治疗方面显示出巨大潜力。因此，纳米药物一直是临床转化广泛研发的重点。截至2024年9月，在ClinicalTrials.gov网站上使用“纳米颗粒”一词进行搜索，发现了许多正在进行和计划中的临床试验。受该领域近期进展的推动，本综述探讨了癌症纳米医学的当前前沿。纳米药物已支持化疗、光疗、声动力疗法、核酸疗法和免疫疗法。然而，将纳米药物转化为实际应用面临着纳米颗粒与生物系统之间复杂的相互作用、纳米颗粒在肿瘤中的可变渗透性和滞留性、安全问题、难以实现靶向递送以及扩大生产规模等问题。本文提供了应对这些挑战的观点。还讨论了癌症纳米药物未来的机会，包括改变肿瘤微环境、整合人工智能和大数据以及瞄准新的医学领域。本综述从临床角度强调了癌症纳米药物彻底改变治疗的潜力。
