Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UIT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Tromsø, Norway.
PLoS One. 2019 Apr 24;14(4):e0215437. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215437. eCollection 2019.
People's perceptions can point to reasons for conservation support or lack thereof. In this study, we surveyed the perceptions of conservation among local stakeholders who participated in protected area (PA) management following a reform towards community-based conservation in Norway. We analyzed the link between perceptions of threats to conservation values, prioritized management actions and trust in PA governance, and assessed how these perceptions aligned with the stakeholders' preferred overarching conservation approach and their support for PAs. Conservation perceptions differed mostly between property owners and representatives of nature conservation (such as NGOs). Property owners perceived modern farming, grazing and hay making, and securing the interests of rights holders as a priority. They had a lower support for PAs and favored a conservation approach focusing on "people and nature". Representatives from nature conservation prioritized management actions to increase biodiversity and reduce land development, had higher trust in environmental authorities and identified motorized vehicle use as a threat to conservation values. They had a high support for PAs and favored a conservation approach that mitigates threats from human activity (i.e. "nature despite people"). The nationwide reform aimed at increasing support for PAs, but 31% of the members of the stakeholder advisory councils were willing to downgrade or degazette PAs for the benefit of economic development, which is much more than general population surveys. However, the level of trust in local governance was less polarized among the members of stakeholder advisory councils compared with the former state governance, which suggests that that the community-based conservation reform has the potential to improve collaboration and conflict mitigation.
人们的认知可以指向支持或缺乏保护的原因。在这项研究中，我们调查了参与挪威基于社区的保护改革后的保护区（PA）管理的当地利益相关者对保护的看法。我们分析了对保护价值受到威胁的看法、优先管理行动以及对 PA 治理的信任之间的联系，并评估了这些看法如何与利益相关者对保护方法的偏好以及对 PA 的支持相一致。保护认知在物业所有者和自然保护代表（如非政府组织）之间存在较大差异。物业所有者认为现代农业、放牧和干草制作以及保护权益持有人的利益是优先事项。他们对 PA 的支持较低，赞成以“人与自然”为重点的保护方法。来自自然保护的代表则将增加生物多样性和减少土地开发作为优先管理行动，对环境当局的信任度更高，并认为机动车使用对保护价值构成威胁。他们对 PA 的支持很高，赞成减轻人类活动威胁的保护方法（即“尽管有人，但仍有自然”）。全国范围内的改革旨在增加对 PA 的支持，但利益相关者咨询委员会的 31%成员愿意降级或取消 PA 的地位以促进经济发展，这比一般人口调查要多得多。然而，与前国家治理相比，利益相关者咨询委员会成员对地方治理的信任程度差异较小，这表明基于社区的保护改革有可能改善合作和缓解冲突。
