School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Ugbowo, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.
Sci Rep. 2019 Apr 25;9(1):6570. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43025-9.
Little is known of how fungal distribution ranges vary with elevation. We studied fungal diversity and community composition from 740 to 2940 m above sea level on Mt. Norikura, Japan, sequencing the ITS2 region. There was a clear trend, repeated across each of the fungal phyla (Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, Zygomycota, Chytridomycota and Glomeromycota), and across the whole fungal community combined, towards an increased elevational range of higher elevation OTUs, conforming to the elevational Rapoport pattern. It appears that fungi from higher elevation environments are more generalized ecologically, at least in terms of climate-related gradients. These findings add to the picture from latitudinal studies of fungal ranges, which also suggest that the classic Rapoport Rule (broader ranges at higher latitudes) applies on a geographical scale. However, there was no mid-elevation maximum in diversity in any of the phyla studied, and different diversity trends for the different phyla, when different diversity indices were used. In terms of functional guilds, on Norikura there were trends towards increased saprotrophism (Zygomycota), symbiotrophism (Basidiomycota), symbiotrophism and saprotrophism (Ascomycota) and pathotrophism (Chytridiomycota) with elevation. The causes of each of these trends require further investigation from an ecological and evolutionary viewpoint.
关于真菌的分布范围随海拔高度的变化情况知之甚少。我们在日本枪岳海拔 740 至 2940 米处进行了真菌多样性和群落组成的研究，对 ITS2 区进行了测序。在每个真菌门（担子菌门、子囊菌门、接合菌门、壶菌门和球囊菌门）和整个真菌群落中，都存在一个明显的趋势，即随着海拔升高，高海拔 OTUs 的海拔范围逐渐增加，符合海拔 Rapoport 模式。似乎来自高海拔环境的真菌在生态上更具普遍性，至少在与气候相关的梯度方面是这样。这些发现补充了从真菌分布的纬度研究中得到的情况，这也表明经典的 Rapoport 规则（在较高纬度地区具有较宽的范围）在地理尺度上适用。然而，在所研究的任何一个门中，都没有出现多样性的中海拔最大值，而且当使用不同的多样性指数时，不同的门也表现出不同的多样性趋势。在功能类群方面，在枪岳山上，随着海拔的升高，存在着腐生生物（接合菌门）、共生生物（担子菌门）、共生生物和腐生生物（子囊菌门）以及病原生物（壶菌门）增加的趋势。从生态和进化的角度来看，需要进一步研究这些趋势的原因。
