Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Adv Mater. 2019 Jun;31(24):e1900321. doi: 10.1002/adma.201900321. Epub 2019 Apr 26.
Fluorescence bioimaging affords a vital tool for both researchers and surgeons to molecularly target a variety of biological tissues and processes. This review focuses on summarizing organic dyes emitting at a biological transparency window termed the near-infrared-II (NIR-II) window, where minimal light interaction with the surrounding tissues allows photons to travel nearly unperturbed throughout the body. NIR-II fluorescence imaging overcomes the penetration/contrast bottleneck of imaging in the visible region, making it a remarkable modality for early diagnosis of cancer and highly sensitive tumor surgery. Due to their convenient bioconjugation with peptides/antibodies, NIR-II molecular dyes are desirable candidates for targeted cancer imaging, significantly overcoming the autofluorescence/scattering issues for deep tissue molecular imaging. To promote the clinical translation of NIR-II bioimaging, advancements in the high-performance small molecule-derived probes are critically important. Here, molecules with clinical potential for NIR-II imaging are discussed, summarizing the synthesis and chemical structures of NIR-II dyes, chemical and optical properties of NIR-II dyes, bioconjugation and biological behavior of NIR-II dyes, whole body imaging with NIR-II dyes for cancer detection and surgery, as well as NIR-II fluorescence microscopy imaging. A key perspective on the direction of NIR-II molecular dyes for cancer imaging and surgery is also discussed.
荧光生物成像为研究人员和外科医生提供了一种重要的工具，可以对各种生物组织和过程进行分子靶向。本篇综述重点总结了在生物透明窗口（即近红外二区（NIR-II）窗口）处发射的有机染料，该窗口处的光与周围组织的相互作用最小，允许光子几乎不受干扰地在整个身体内传播。NIR-II 荧光成像是对可见光区域成像的穿透/对比度瓶颈的突破，使其成为癌症早期诊断和高度敏感的肿瘤手术的卓越模态。由于它们与肽/抗体的方便生物偶联，NIR-II 分子染料是用于靶向癌症成像的理想候选物，显著克服了用于深层组织分子成像的自发荧光/散射问题。为了促进 NIR-II 生物成像的临床转化，高性能小分子衍生探针的进展至关重要。本文讨论了具有 NIR-II 成像临床潜力的分子，总结了 NIR-II 染料的合成和化学结构、NIR-II 染料的化学和光学性质、NIR-II 染料的生物偶联和生物行为、用于癌症检测和手术的 NIR-II 染料全身成像，以及 NIR-II 荧光显微镜成像。还讨论了 NIR-II 分子染料在癌症成像和手术方面的一个关键方向。
