Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
Virol Sin. 2019 Apr;34(2):119-134. doi: 10.1007/s12250-019-00095-3. Epub 2019 Apr 26.
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 capsid (HIV-1 CA) is involved in different stages of the viral replication cycle. During virion assembly, CA drives the formation of the hexameric lattice in immature viral particles, while in mature virions CA monomers assemble in cone-shaped cores surrounding the viral RNA genome and associated proteins. In addition to its functions in late stages of the viral replication cycle, CA plays key roles in a number of processes during early phases of HIV-1 infection including trafficking, uncoating, recognition by host cellular proteins and nuclear import of the viral pre-integration complex. As a result of efficient cooperation of CA with other viral and cellular proteins, integration of the viral genetic material into the host genome, which is an essential step for productive viral infection, successfully occurs. In this review, we will summarize available data on CA functions in HIV-1 replication, describing in detail its roles in late and early phases of the viral replication cycle.
人类免疫缺陷病毒-1 衣壳 (HIV-1 CA) 参与病毒复制周期的不同阶段。在病毒体组装过程中，CA 驱动不成熟病毒颗粒中六聚体晶格的形成，而在成熟病毒体中，CA 单体组装成围绕病毒 RNA 基因组和相关蛋白的锥形核心。除了在病毒复制周期的晚期发挥作用外，CA 在 HIV-1 感染的早期阶段的许多过程中也发挥着关键作用，包括运输、脱壳、被宿主细胞蛋白识别以及病毒前整合复合物的核内输入。由于 CA 与其他病毒和细胞蛋白的有效合作，病毒遗传物质成功整合到宿主基因组中，这是病毒感染产生的必要步骤。在这篇综述中，我们将总结 CA 在 HIV-1 复制中的功能的现有数据，详细描述其在病毒复制周期的晚期和早期阶段的作用。
