Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System, SINGAPORE.
Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System, SINGAPORE.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019 Oct;51(10):2109-2116. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002020.
A single bout of aerobic exercise increases insulin sensitivity the next day. The effects of exercise on insulin secretion, the role of exercise-induced energy deficit, and possible dose-response relationships are not well understood. This study aimed to evaluate insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion after progressively greater negative energy balance induced by exercise or diet.
Acute energy deficits (20% or 40% of weight maintenance needs) were induced by a single day of aerobic exercise (cycling at moderate intensity, n = 13) or dietary restriction (n = 19) in healthy men and women (age, 26 ± 2 yr; body mass index, 21.8 ± 0.5 kg·m). Intravenous glucose tolerance tests in conjunction with minimal modeling were performed the next morning, and blood samples were collected for 3 h to measure glucose and insulin concentrations.
Insulin sensitivity increased linearly after exercise-induced energy deficits (P = 0.007) but did not change after equivalent diet-induced energy deficits (P = 0.673). Acute insulin response decreased after both exercise (P < 0.001) and dietary restriction (P = 0.005). The disposition index and glucose effectiveness were not affected by exercise (P = 0.138 and 0.808, respectively), but both decreased after 40% dietary restriction (P = 0.048 and 0.002, respectively).
These results indicate that insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion are related to exercise energy expenditure, albeit in a different fashion (insulin sensitivity increases linearly, whereas insulin secretion drops to a nadir with a low exercise dose and does not decrease further). These changes cannot be replicated by equivalent energy deficits induced by dietary restriction, suggesting that exercise and diet have different effects on the mechanisms regulating glucose homeostasis.
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03264001.
单次有氧运动可增加次日的胰岛素敏感性。运动对胰岛素分泌的影响、运动引起的能量不足的作用以及可能的剂量反应关系尚不清楚。本研究旨在评估运动或饮食引起的逐渐增加的负能平衡对胰岛素敏感性和胰岛素分泌的影响。
通过 1 天的有氧运动（中等强度骑自行车，n=13）或饮食限制（n=19）在健康男性和女性中诱导急性能量不足（体重维持需求的 20%或 40%）。次日清晨进行静脉葡萄糖耐量试验，并进行最小模型分析，同时采集 3 小时的血样以测量血糖和胰岛素浓度。
运动引起的能量不足后胰岛素敏感性呈线性增加（P=0.007），但等效的饮食引起的能量不足后胰岛素敏感性没有变化（P=0.673）。急性胰岛素反应在运动后（P<0.001）和饮食限制后（P=0.005）均降低。处置指数和葡萄糖效应不受运动影响（分别为 P=0.138 和 0.808），但 40%饮食限制后两者均降低（分别为 P=0.048 和 0.002）。
这些结果表明，胰岛素敏感性和胰岛素分泌与运动能量消耗有关，尽管方式不同（胰岛素敏感性呈线性增加，而胰岛素分泌在低运动量时降至最低点，进一步减少）。这些变化不能通过饮食限制引起的等效能量不足来复制，表明运动和饮食对调节血糖稳态的机制有不同的影响。
ClinicalTrials.gov，NCT03264001。
