Leal Diogo V, Taylor Lee, Hough John
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2019 Nov 1;14(10):1430-1437. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-1004.
Progressively overloading the body to improve physical performance may lead to detrimental states of overreaching/overtraining syndrome. Blunted cycling-induced cortisol and testosterone concentrations have been suggested to indicate overreaching after intensified training periods. However, a running-based protocol is yet to be developed or demonstrated as reproducible. This study developed two 30-min running protocols, (1) 50/70 (based on individualized physical capacity) and (2) RPETP (self-paced), and measured the reproducibility of plasma cortisol and testosterone responses.
Thirteen recreationally active, healthy men completed each protocol (50/70 and RPETP) on 3 occasions. Venous blood was drawn preexercise, postexercise, and 30 min postexercise.
Cortisol was unaffected (both P > .05; 50/70, ηp2 = .090; RPETP, ηp2 = .252), while testosterone was elevated (both P < .05; 50/70, 35%, ηp2 = .714; RPETP, 42%, ηp2 = .892) with low intraindividual coefficients of variation (CVi) as mean (SD) (50/70, 7% [5%]; RPETP, 12% [9%]). Heart rate (50/70, effect size [ES] = 0.39; RPETP, ES = -0.03), speed (RPETP, ES = -0.09), and rating of perceived exertion (50/70 ES = -0.06) were unchanged across trials (all CVi < 5%, P < .05). RPETP showed greater physiological strain (P < .01).
Both tests elicited reproducible physiological and testosterone responses, but RPETP induced greater testosterone changes (likely due to increased physiological strain) and could therefore be considered a more sensitive tool to potentially detect overtraining syndrome. Advantageously for the practitioner, RPETP does not require a priori exercise-intensity determination, unlike the 50/70, enhancing its integration into practice.
让身体逐渐超负荷以提高身体机能可能会导致过度训练/过度训练综合征等有害状态。有研究表明，强化训练期后，骑行引起的皮质醇和睾酮浓度降低可能表明出现了过度训练。然而，基于跑步的方案尚未开发出来，也未被证明具有可重复性。本研究制定了两种30分钟的跑步方案，（1）50/70方案（基于个体身体能力）和（2）RPETP方案（自定步速），并测量了血浆皮质醇和睾酮反应的可重复性。
13名有运动习惯的健康男性，每人都进行了3次每种方案（50/70方案和RPETP方案）的测试。在运动前、运动后以及运动后30分钟采集静脉血。
皮质醇未受影响（两者P > 0.05；50/70方案，偏η² = 0.090；RPETP方案，偏η² = 0.252），而睾酮升高（两者P < 0.05；50/70方案，升高35%，偏η² = 0.714；RPETP方案，升高42%，偏η² = 0.892），个体内变异系数（CVi）较低，均值（标准差）分别为（50/70方案，7% [5%]；RPETP方案，12% [9%]）。心率（50/70方案，效应量[ES] = 0.39；RPETP方案，ES = -0.03）、速度（RPETP方案，ES = -0.09）和自觉用力程度评分（50/70方案，ES = -0.06）在各试验中均无变化（所有CVi < 5%，P < 0.05）。RPETP方案显示出更大的生理应激（P < 0.01）。
两种测试都能引发可重复的生理反应和睾酮反应，但RPETP方案引起的睾酮变化更大（可能是由于生理应激增加），因此可被视为一种更敏感的工具，有可能用于检测过度训练综合征。对从业者来说有利的是，与50/70方案不同，RPETP方案不需要事先确定运动强度，这增强了其在实践中的实用性。
