Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece.
Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, 8th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
Toxicol Lett. 2019 Sep 15;312:72-97. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.04.014. Epub 2019 Apr 27.
Human populations are chronically exposed to mixtures of toxic chemicals. Predicting the health effects of these mixtures require a large amount of information on the mode of action of their components. Xenobiotic metabolism by bacteria inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract has a major influence on human health. Our review aims to explore the literature for studies looking to characterize the different modes of action and outcomes of major chemical pollutants, and some components of cosmetics and food additives, on gut microbial communities in order to facilitate an estimation of their potential mixture effects. We identified good evidence that exposure to heavy metals, pesticides, nanoparticles, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dioxins, furans, polychlorinated biphenyls, and non-caloric artificial sweeteners affect the gut microbiome and which is associated with the development of metabolic, malignant, inflammatory, or immune diseases. Answering the question 'Who is there?' is not sufficient to define the mode of action of a toxicant in predictive modeling of mixture effects. Therefore, we recommend that new studies focus to simulate real-life exposure to diverse chemicals (toxicants, cosmetic/food additives), including as mixtures, and which combine metagenomics, metatranscriptomics and metabolomic analytical methods achieving in that way a comprehensive evaluation of effects on human health.
人类长期暴露在有毒化学物质的混合物中。预测这些混合物的健康影响需要大量关于其成分作用模式的信息。栖息在胃肠道中的细菌对外来化合物的代谢对人类健康有重大影响。我们的综述旨在探讨文献中有关主要化学污染物及其一些化妆品和食品添加剂成分对肠道微生物群落的不同作用模式和结果的研究，以便能够估计它们的潜在混合物效应。我们有充分的证据表明，接触重金属、农药、纳米粒子、多环芳烃、二恶英、呋喃、多氯联苯和无热量人工甜味剂会影响肠道微生物组，并与代谢、恶性、炎症或免疫性疾病的发展有关。回答“有谁在那里？”这个问题不足以确定有毒物质在混合物效应预测模型中的作用模式。因此，我们建议新的研究集中模拟现实生活中对各种化学物质（有毒物质、化妆品/食品添加剂）的暴露，包括混合物，并结合宏基因组学、宏转录组学和代谢组学分析方法，从而全面评估对人类健康的影响。
