Academic Area of Dentistry of Health Sciences Institute at Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca, Mexico.
Advanced Studies and Research Center in Dentistry, "Dr. Keisaburo Miyata" of Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University State of Mexico, Toluca, Mexico.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2021 Mar;34(5):690-695. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1613363. Epub 2019 May 7.
Preterm delivery is a multifactorial health problem that represents a serious public health problem around the world. In recent years, there has been an increase in scientific evidence suggesting associations between oral health status (mainly periodontal disease and tooth loss) and an increased risk of systemic diseases and various adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study explores the association between indicators of oral health and preterm delivery in a sample of Mexican pregnant women. A case-control study was carried out with 111 pregnant (36 cases, 75 controls) who received prenatal care and delivered in an obstetric hospital in Pachuca, Mexico. Clinical files were reviewed to obtain the necessary information for the variables studied. The dependent variable was preterm delivery and the independent variables were gingivitis, periodontitis, DMFT index and its components, the number of decayed teeth with pulpal exposure or endodontic lesions, age of the mother, education, alcohol use, smoking status, number of gestations, and sex of the newborn. The average ages were similar between the cases and the controls (24.29 ± 5.42 versus 24.89 ± 5.67, = .5781). Significant differences were observed with gingivitis ( < .01) and periodontitis ( < .001). In addition, when the severity of gingivitis or periodontitis increased, the percentage of cases of preterm delivery increased ( < .01). The average number of teeth lost was higher among the cases than among the controls (1.33 ± 1.89 versus 0.81 ± 1.82, < .05). It was found that gingivitis, periodontitis, and tooth loss were associated with preterm delivery. It is necessary to carry out actions aimed at the preservation of oral health in pregnant patients to avoid adverse results. These findings indicate a likely association, but it needs to be confirmed by large and well-designed studies.
早产是一种多因素的健康问题，在全球范围内构成了严重的公共卫生问题。近年来，越来越多的科学证据表明口腔健康状况（主要是牙周病和牙齿缺失）与系统性疾病风险增加和各种不良妊娠结局之间存在关联。本研究探讨了墨西哥孕妇样本中口腔健康指标与早产之间的关系。采用病例对照研究，共纳入 111 名接受产前护理并在墨西哥帕丘卡一家产科医院分娩的孕妇（36 例病例，75 例对照）。查阅临床档案以获取研究变量所需的信息。因变量为早产，自变量为牙龈炎、牙周炎、DMFT 指数及其组成部分、有牙髓暴露或牙髓病变的龋齿数、母亲年龄、教育程度、酒精使用情况、吸烟状况、妊娠次数和新生儿性别。病例组和对照组的平均年龄相似（24.29 ± 5.42 对 24.89 ± 5.67， = .5781）。在牙龈炎（ < .01）和牙周炎（ < .001）方面观察到显著差异。此外，当牙龈炎或牙周炎的严重程度增加时，早产病例的比例增加（ < .01）。病例组中失去的牙齿平均数量高于对照组（1.33 ± 1.89 对 0.81 ± 1.82， < .05）。结果发现牙龈炎、牙周炎和牙齿缺失与早产有关。有必要针对孕妇的口腔健康采取保护措施，以避免不良结果。这些发现表明存在可能的关联，但需要通过大型和精心设计的研究来证实。
