Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Oslo Accident and Emergency Outpatient Clinic, Department of Emergency General Practice, City of Oslo Health Agency, Oslo, Norway.
BMC Emerg Med. 2019 Apr 29;19(1):29. doi: 10.1186/s12873-019-0244-3.
Female drug users report poorer physical and mental health than male drug users. We describe female and male patients treated for acute recreational drug toxicity, and look for gender differences in clinical state, treatment, and toxic agents taken.
Retrospective case series from a primary care emergency outpatient clinic and a hospital emergency department in Oslo, Norway. All patients treated for acute recreational drug toxicity from October 2013 through March 2015 were included, except patients with lone alcohol intoxication. Patients were grouped according to whether they had taken opioids or not, as a proxy differentiation between heavy drug users and party drug users. Data from the two clinical settings were analysed separately.
In total, 2495 cases were included, 567 (22.7%) were women. Female patients were younger than males, median 31 vs 34 years (p < 0.001). On most comparisons of clinical variables there were no significant differences between genders. A larger proportion of females in the outpatient opioid group were hypotensive, 10.9% vs 3.9% (p < 0.001). Fewer females were intubated, none vs 21.1% (p = 0.019) in the hospital opioid group, and 6.4% vs 21.0% (p = 0.039) in the hospital non-opioid group. The proportion of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) poisoning was larger among females both at the outpatient clinic (14.4% vs 8.6%, p < 0.001) and at the hospital (60.3% vs 36.4%, p = 0.001), while the proportion of heroin poisoning was smaller among females at the outpatient clinic (37.1% vs 47.0%, p < 0.001).
One in four patients treated for acute recreational drug toxicity were women. Female patients were younger, had more frequently taken GHB and were less frequently intubated. Otherwise, the gender differences regarding clinical state and treatment were small. Although female drug users are known to report poorer health than males, we did not find that women had a more severe clinical course than men when presenting with overdose.
女性吸毒者报告的身心健康状况比男性吸毒者差。我们描述了接受急性娱乐性药物毒性治疗的女性和男性患者，并寻找临床状态、治疗和所摄入的毒剂方面的性别差异。
这是挪威奥斯陆一家初级保健急诊门诊和一家医院急诊部的回顾性病例系列研究。纳入 2013 年 10 月至 2015 年 3 月期间因急性娱乐性药物毒性而接受治疗的所有患者，但不包括仅酒精中毒的患者。根据是否使用过阿片类药物将患者分为两组，作为区分重度吸毒者和派对吸毒者的替代方法。分别分析这两个临床环境的数据。
总共纳入了 2495 例患者，其中 567 例（22.7%）为女性。女性患者比男性患者年轻，中位数分别为 31 岁和 34 岁（p<0.001）。在大多数临床变量的比较中，性别之间没有显著差异。门诊阿片类药物组中低血压的女性比例较大，为 10.9%，而男性为 3.9%（p<0.001）。在医院阿片类药物组中，女性接受插管的比例较小，为 0 例，而男性为 21.1%（p=0.019）；在医院非阿片类药物组中，女性的比例为 6.4%，而男性为 21.0%（p=0.039）。在门诊（14.4% vs 8.6%，p<0.001）和医院（60.3% vs 36.4%，p=0.001），女性γ-羟基丁酸（GHB）中毒的比例较大，而女性门诊海洛因中毒的比例较小（37.1% vs 47.0%，p<0.001）。
在因急性娱乐性药物毒性而接受治疗的患者中，四分之一为女性。女性患者较年轻，更频繁地使用 GHB，较少接受插管。否则，在临床状态和治疗方面，性别差异很小。尽管已知女性吸毒者的健康状况比男性差，但我们并未发现女性在过量服用药物时的临床过程比男性更严重。
