Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
Magistrate of the Capital City of Bratislava, Primaciálne nám. 1, 814 99 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Apr 29;16(9):1521. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16091521.
The protective role of hard drinking water against cardiovascular diseases is well documented by numerous studies. This article describes the impact of Ca and Mg contents in the drinking water with different water hardness on the cardiovascular system (arterial stiffness, arterial age) of residents of the Krupina district, the Slovak Republic. The research was based on the measurements of arterial stiffness, including the measurements of aortic pulse wave velocity (PWVao) and the calculation of the arterial age of the residents. In total, 144 randomly selected residents were included in measurements, divided into the two groups according to Ca and Mg contents in drinking water (water hardness). The first group was supplied with soft drinking water (total dissolved solids (TDS): 200-300 mg·L, Ca: 20-25 mg·L, Mg: 5-10 mg·L). The second group of residents was supplied with harder drinking water (TDS: 500-600 mg·L, Ca: 80-90 mg·L, Mg: 25-30 mg·L). Differences in arterial stiffness between the two groups of respondents were documented. Higher arterial stiffness (low flexibility of arteries) was determined for a group of residents supplied with soft drinking water. This was reflected in higher PWVao levels, higher number of pathological cases (PWVao > 10 m·s), and arterial age of respondents compared to their actual age. The "absolute" difference between the arterial and actual age between the two evaluated groups of residents (soft vs. harder water) was nearly 5 years on average. The higher arterial stiffness and age of residents that consumed soft drinking water indicate the health significance of lower contents of Ca and Mg in drinking water as an environmental risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. Measuring arterial stiffness of residents in the areas supplied with soft drinking water can be used as a non-invasive approach in the prevention of cardiovascular risks.
大量研究证明，硬水对心血管疾病具有保护作用。本文描述了饮用水中不同钙和镁含量对斯洛伐克克鲁皮纳区居民心血管系统（动脉僵硬度、动脉年龄）的影响。该研究基于对动脉僵硬度的测量，包括主动脉脉搏波速度（PWVao）的测量和居民动脉年龄的计算。共有 144 名随机选择的居民参与了测量，根据饮用水中的钙和镁含量（水的硬度）将他们分为两组。第一组饮用软水（总溶解固体（TDS）：200-300mg·L，Ca：20-25mg·L，Mg：5-10mg·L）。第二组居民饮用硬度更高的水（TDS：500-600mg·L，Ca：80-90mg·L，Mg：25-30mg·L）。记录了两组受访者之间动脉僵硬度的差异。饮用软水的居民组动脉僵硬度更高（动脉弹性较低）。这反映在更高的 PWVao 水平、更高比例的病理病例（PWVao＞10m·s）以及与实际年龄相比，居民的动脉年龄更高。两组居民（软水与硬度水）之间动脉年龄与实际年龄的“绝对”差异平均接近 5 年。饮用软水的居民动脉僵硬度和年龄较高，表明饮用水中钙和镁含量较低作为心血管疾病的环境风险因素具有健康意义。测量饮用软水地区居民的动脉僵硬度可作为预防心血管风险的非侵入性方法。
