Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer by Use of MRI-Derived Quantitative Risk Maps: A Feasibility Study.

The purpose of this study was to develop a new quantitative image analysis tool for estimating the risk of cancer of the prostate by use of quantitative multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) metrics. Thirty patients with biopsy-confirmed prostate cancer (PCa) who underwent preoperative 3-T mpMRI were included in the study. Quantitative mpMRI metrics-apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), T2, and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) signal enhancement rate (α)-were calculated on a voxel-by-voxel basis for the whole prostate and coregistered. A normalized risk value (0-100) for each mpMRI parameter was obtained, with high risk values associated with low T2 and ADC and high signal enhancement rate. The final risk score was calculated as a weighted sum of the risk scores (ADC, 40%; T2, 40%; DCE, 20%). Data from five patients were used as training set to find the threshold for predicting PCa. In the other 25 patients, any region with a minimum of 30 con-joint voxels (≈ 4.8 mm) with final risk score above the threshold was considered positive for cancer. Lesion-based and sector-based analyses were performed by matching prostatectomyverified malignancy and PCa predicted with the risk analysis tool. The risk map tool had sensitivity of 76.6%, 89.2%, and 100% for detecting all lesions, clinically significant lesions (≥ Gleason 3 + 4), and index lesions, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for PCa detection for all lesions in the sector-based analysis were 78.9%, 88.5%, 84.4%, and 84.1%, respectively, with an ROC AUC of 0.84. The risk analysis tool is effective for detecting clinically significant PCa with reasonable sensitivity and specificity in both peripheral and transition zones.