Comparative study between lutein and its liposomal form on cisplatin-induced retinal injury in rabbits.

Lutein is a potent antioxidant that is found in ocular tissue. It protects retina against oxidative stress. We aimed to increase lutein efficiency by encapsulating it into liposome and testing its neuroprotective effect against cisplatin-induced retinal injury in rabbits. Twenty-four male, New Zealand, rabbits weighing 1.5-2 kg were divided into four groups, as follows: group I as a control, group II received cisplatin, group III received free lutein + cisplatin and group IV received liposomal lutein + cisplatin. All treatments were administrated twice per week for 14 days. Electroretinogram (ERG) was recorded for all rabbits just before decapitation. Then, the retinae were subjected to histopathological evaluations and comet assay. Results indicated significant decrease ( ˂ 0.01) in ERG waves, significant increase ( ˂ 0.01) in all parameters of comet assay (% tailed cells, tail length, DNA% in tail and tail moment), severe fragmentation in photoreceptors layer and changes in inner retina after the administration of cisplatin. There were some sort of improvement in ERG, comet assay and the histological results after the administration of lutein with cisplatin, whereas these tests yielded values comparable to control in the liposomal lutein group. Liposomal lutein administration could prevent the detrimental effects of cisplatin on the retina, while avoiding the use any artificial chemicals. The latter might be preferable but with possible highly toxic effects. Results were promising and worse further future investigations.