Khodaminasab Azime, Reisi Mahnoush, Vahedparast Hakime, Tahmasebi Rahim, Javadzade Homamodin
Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran,
Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
Patient Prefer Adherence. 2019 Apr 5;13:409-417. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S181755. eCollection 2019.
Self-care refers to the conscious actions and behaviors that patients engage in to maintain and promote their own health and to the decisions that they make about managing signs or symptoms. Despite the importance of self-care in improving the health status of patients with cardiovascular disease, such as those undergoing angioplasty, these patients do not implement self-care optimally. This study aimed to identify factors affecting self-care behaviors in cardiac patients undergoing angioplasty based on a health-promotion model.
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 cardiovascular patients undergoing angioplasty referred to the Bushehr Health Center. Health-promotion-model constructs and self-care behaviors were assessed by a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 22 using multiple linear regression analyses.
Stepwise regression revealed that three variables - perceived barriers, perceived self-efficacy, and social support - were significant predictors of self-care behaviors among patients undergoing angioplasty. These factors accounted for 43.1% ( =0.431) of variance in self-care. Among the health-promotion-model constructs, self-efficacy (=0.237, <0.001) was the strongest predictor of self-care behaviors, followed by perceived barriers (=-0.195, <0.001) and perceived social support (=0.13, <0.001). Perceived benefits did not significantly predict self-care behaviors.
According to the results of this study, it is suggested that designing and implementing training programs to improve self-efficacy and perceived social support of cardiovascular patients and also decreasing barriers to self-care may improve self-care behaviors among patients undergoing angioplasty.
自我护理是指患者为维持和促进自身健康而采取的有意识的行动和行为，以及他们在处理症状或体征时所做的决定。尽管自我护理对于改善心血管疾病患者（如接受血管成形术的患者）的健康状况很重要，但这些患者并未最佳地实施自我护理。本研究旨在基于健康促进模型确定影响接受血管成形术的心脏病患者自我护理行为的因素。
对转诊至布什尔健康中心的200名接受血管成形术的心血管疾病患者进行了一项横断面研究。通过研究者自制的问卷评估健康促进模型的构成要素和自我护理行为。使用SPSS 22版通过多元线性回归分析对数据进行分析。
逐步回归显示，三个变量——感知到的障碍、感知到的自我效能和社会支持——是接受血管成形术患者自我护理行为的显著预测因素。这些因素占自我护理方差的43.1%（=0.431）。在健康促进模型的构成要素中，自我效能（=0.237，<0.001）是自我护理行为的最强预测因素，其次是感知到的障碍（=-0.195，<0.001）和感知到的社会支持（=0.13，<0.001）。感知到的益处并未显著预测自我护理行为。
根据本研究结果，建议设计和实施培训项目，以提高心血管疾病患者的自我效能和感知到的社会支持，并减少自我护理的障碍，这可能会改善接受血管成形术患者的自我护理行为。
