Division of Nephrology, Hyonam Kidney Laboratory, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
Korean J Intern Med. 2019 May;34(3):470-479. doi: 10.3904/kjim.2019.108. Epub 2019 Apr 30.
Many cells in the nephron release extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs envelop nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. The surfaces of EVs express donor cell-specific markers, ligands, and major histocompatibility complex molecules. They are involved in cell-to-cell communication, immune modulation, and the removal of unwanted materials from cells. EVs have been studied as biomarkers of specific diseases and have potential therapeutic applications. Recent research has emphasized the functions of EVs in the kidney. This review provides an overview of recent findings related to the roles of EVs in the nephron, and their utility as biomarkers and therapeutic factors in renal disease.
肾单位中的许多细胞都会释放细胞外囊泡（EVs）。EVs 包裹着核酸、蛋白质和脂质。EVs 的表面表达供体细胞特异性标志物、配体和主要组织相容性复合体分子。它们参与细胞间通讯、免疫调节以及从细胞中清除不需要的物质。EVs 已被作为特定疾病的生物标志物进行研究，并具有潜在的治疗应用。最近的研究强调了 EVs 在肾脏中的功能。本综述概述了与 EVs 在肾单位中的作用及其作为肾脏疾病的生物标志物和治疗因子的相关最新发现。
