Berry R J, Buehler J W, Strauss L T, Hogue C J, Smith J C
Public Health Rep. 1987 Mar-Apr;102(2):171-81.
The impact of mortality due to congenital anomalies in single-delivery births was compared in 1960 and 1980 birth cohorts; data were used from the 1960 National Center for Health Statistics national linkage of birth and death certificates and the 1980 National Infant Mortality Surveillance project. In 1960 there were 14,714 deaths due to congenital anomalies, compared with 8,674 in 1980, a 41 percent reduction. The infant mortality risk (IMR) due to congenital anomalies fell 31 percent. This is in contrast with the observed 54 percent decline in IMR due to all causes. This reduction in mortality due to congenital anomalies occurred for both whites and blacks in the postneonatal period and for whites only in the neonatal period. Changes ranged from a 1.8 percent increase for the black neonatal mortality risk to a 46.6 percent decrease for the white postneonatal mortality risk. In spite of these relative reductions, the absolute percentage of all infant deaths due to congenital anomalies had increased from 15.8 percent in 1960 to 24.1 percent in 1980. Two categories, cardiovascular and central nervous system anomalies, accounted for 72 percent of infant deaths due to congenital anomalies in 1960 and for 59 percent in 1980; cardiovascular anomalies accounted for 48 percent of all deaths due to congenital anomalies in 1960 and 40 percent in 1980. Infant mortality risks in the United States showed a 2:1 black to white ratio in both 1960 and 1980. However, for infant mortality due to congenital anomalies, the black and white mortality risks were approximately equal in both 1960 and 1980. For infants with birth weights of 500-2,499 g, the risk of neonatal mortality for blacks was less than half the risk for whites.
对1960年和1980年出生队列中单次分娩出生时因先天性异常导致的死亡率影响进行了比较；数据来自1960年国家卫生统计中心全国出生与死亡证明联动项目以及1980年国家婴儿死亡率监测项目。1960年有14714例因先天性异常导致的死亡，而1980年为8674例，减少了41%。因先天性异常导致的婴儿死亡率风险（IMR）下降了31%。这与观察到的所有原因导致的IMR下降54%形成对比。这种先天性异常导致的死亡率下降在新生儿期后白人和黑人中均有发生，而在新生儿期仅白人出现下降。变化范围从黑人新生儿死亡率风险增加1.8%到白人新生儿期后死亡率风险下降46.6%。尽管有这些相对下降，但因先天性异常导致的所有婴儿死亡的绝对百分比已从1960年的15.8%增加到1980年的24.1%。两类，即心血管和中枢神经系统异常，在1960年占因先天性异常导致的婴儿死亡的72%，在1980年占59%；心血管异常在1960年占因先天性异常导致的所有死亡的48%，在1980年占40%。1960年和1980年美国婴儿死亡率风险的黑白比例均为2:1。然而，对于因先天性异常导致的婴儿死亡，1960年和1980年黑人和白人的死亡率风险大致相等。对于出生体重为500 - 2499克的婴儿，黑人的新生儿死亡风险不到白人的一半。
