Buehler J W, Strauss L T, Hogue C J, Smith J C
Public Health Rep. 1987 Mar-Apr;102(2):162-71.
To describe underlying causes of infant death by birth weight, we used data from the 1980 National Infant Mortality Surveillance project and aggregated International Classification of Diseases codes into seven categories: perinatal conditions, infections, congenital anomalies, injuries, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), other known causes, and nonspecific or unknown causes. Compared with heavier infants, infants with birth weights of 500-2,499 grams (g) are at increased risk of both neonatal and postneonatal death for virtually all causes. Sixty-two percent of neonatal deaths (under 28 days of life) were attributed to "conditions arising in the perinatal period," as defined using codes from the International Classification of Diseases. Prematurity-low birth weight and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were the leading causes of such deaths among infants with birth weights of 500-2,499 g, while birth trauma-hypoxia-asphyxia and other perinatal respiratory conditions were the leading causes among heavier infants. For all birth weight groups, congenital anomalies were the second leading cause, representing 27 percent of neonatal deaths. Although perinatal conditions caused nearly one-third of postneonatal deaths (28 days to under 1 year of life) among infants with birth weights of 500-1,499 g, for the other birth weight groups these conditions were much less important; predominant causes of postneonatal death were sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), congenital anomalies, infections, and injuries. Black infants had a roughly twofold higher risk of neonatal and postneonatal death than did white infants for all causes except congenital anomalies, which occurred with almost equal frequency in blacks and whites. However, for infants with birth weights of 500-2,499 g, blacks had lower risks of neonatal death from RDS and congenital anomalies. Between 1960 (the latest year for which national birth weight-specific mortality statistics had been available) and 1980, SIDS emerged as a major diagnostic rubric. Otherwise, except for infections and congenital anomalies among infants with birth weights of 500-1,499 g, all causes of death declined in frequency among all birth weight groups.
为了描述不同出生体重婴儿死亡的潜在原因，我们使用了1980年全国婴儿死亡率监测项目的数据，并将国际疾病分类编码汇总为七类：围产期疾病、感染、先天性异常、损伤、婴儿猝死综合征（SIDS）、其他已知原因以及非特异性或不明原因。与体重较重的婴儿相比，出生体重在500 - 2499克（g）的婴儿几乎因所有原因导致的新生儿和新生儿后期死亡风险均有所增加。根据国际疾病分类编码定义，62%的新生儿死亡（出生后28天内）归因于“围产期出现的疾病”。早产 - 低出生体重和呼吸窘迫综合征（RDS）是出生体重在500 - 2499克婴儿此类死亡的主要原因，而出生创伤 - 缺氧 - 窒息及其他围产期呼吸疾病是体重较重婴儿死亡的主要原因。对于所有出生体重组，先天性异常是第二大主要死因，占新生儿死亡的27%。尽管围产期疾病导致出生体重在500 - 1499克婴儿中近三分之一的新生儿后期死亡（出生后28天至未满1岁），但对于其他出生体重组，这些疾病的重要性要小得多；新生儿后期死亡的主要原因是婴儿猝死综合征（SIDS）、先天性异常、感染和损伤。除先天性异常在黑人和白人中发生频率几乎相同外，黑人婴儿因所有原因导致的新生儿和新生儿后期死亡风险大约是白人婴儿的两倍。然而，对于出生体重在500 - 2499克的婴儿，黑人因RDS和先天性异常导致的新生儿死亡风险较低。在1960年（可获取全国特定出生体重死亡率统计数据的最近一年）至1980年期间，婴儿猝死综合征成为一个主要的诊断类别。否则，除了出生体重在500 - 1499克婴儿中的感染和先天性异常外，所有出生体重组中各类死因的发生频率均有所下降。
