Nazarchuk Oleksandr A, Chereshniuk Ihor L, Nazarchuk Halyna H
National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Ministry Of Public Health Of Ukraine, Vinnytsia, Ukraine.
Wiad Lek. 2019;72(3):374-380.
Introduction: Nowadays, the study of biological safety of modern cationic surface-active antiseptics with a wide antimicrobial spectrum has acquired particular importance. The aim was to study antimicrobial effectiveness of antiseptics decamethoxin, miramistin and their influence on nuclear DNA fragmentation and cellular cycle.
Materials and methods: A comparative microbiological study of antimicrobial efficacy and a cytometric study of the effect of decamethoxin 0,02% and miramistin 0,01% on the cellular cycle were carried out. Antimicrobial activity of decamethoxin and miramistin was estimated by their minimal inhibitory and minimal microbicidal concentrations against opportunistic microorganisms using serial double dilution technique. Decamethoxin and miramistin cytotoxicity on anterior corneal epithelial cells, after their two-week daily instillation into the eyes of a Vistar line male rats was studied using flow cytometry. The parameters of epithelial cellular cycle, nuclear DNA fragmentation and apoptosis under the influence of antiseptics were registered.
Results: High antimicrobial effect of decamethoxin and miramistin against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria with the significant advantages of decamethoxin were found (р<0,001). Decamethoxin caused minimal influence on anterior corneal epithelial cells, the insignificant decrease of their proliferation index, low increase of apoptosis (0.68%), no difference of mitotic activity (p>0.05). But the use of miramistin resulted in the significant increase of nuclear DNA fragmentation, decrease of proliferative activity (р<0.05).
Conclusions: Higher antimicrobial effect against a wide range of opportunistic pathogens is proved in decamethoxin 0,02% comparably to miramistin 0,01% (р<0,001). In prolonged antiseptic use of the first one there were found no cytotoxic and no pro-apoptotic effects on the epithelium (р<0,05).
引言：如今，对具有广泛抗菌谱的现代阳离子表面活性防腐剂的生物安全性研究具有特殊重要性。目的是研究防腐剂地卡美辛、咪拉明的抗菌效果及其对核DNA片段化和细胞周期的影响。
材料与方法：进行了地卡美辛0.02%和咪拉明0.01%对细胞周期影响的抗菌功效比较微生物学研究和细胞计量学研究。采用系列倍比稀释技术，通过测定地卡美辛和咪拉明对机会性微生物的最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度来评估其抗菌活性。在雄性Wistar系大鼠眼中每日滴注地卡美辛和咪拉明两周后，使用流式细胞术研究它们对角膜前上皮细胞的细胞毒性。记录防腐剂作用下上皮细胞周期、核DNA片段化和凋亡的参数。
结果：发现地卡美辛和咪拉明对革兰氏阳性、革兰氏阴性菌具有高抗菌效果，且地卡美辛具有显著优势（p<0.001）。地卡美辛对角膜前上皮细胞影响最小，其增殖指数略有下降，凋亡率略有升高（0.68%），有丝分裂活性无差异（p>0.05）。但使用咪拉明导致核DNA片段化显著增加，增殖活性降低（p<0.05）。
结论：与0.01%的咪拉明相比，0.02%的地卡美辛对多种机会性病原体具有更高的抗菌效果（p<0.001）。长期使用第一种防腐剂对上皮细胞未发现细胞毒性和促凋亡作用（p<0.05）。
