Antic Tatjana, DeMay Richard M
Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois.
Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois.
J Am Soc Cytopathol. 2014 Mar-Apr;3(2):103-107. doi: 10.1016/j.jasc.2013.12.005. Epub 2013 Dec 25.
Examination of urine has fascinated people since the beginning of recorded history. It is arguably the oldest medical test and marks the beginning of laboratory medicine. Examination of urine, urinalysis, is still important today in evaluation of many pathologic conditions, including diabetes mellitus, infections, renal and inherited diseases, as well as genitourinary tract cancer. Although urine cytology is simple, safe, and inexpensive, it has poor sensitivity, especially for low-grade neoplasms. This shortcoming has led to a proliferation of new diagnostic techniques for evaluation of urine samples. Examination of urine has come a long way, from uroscopy to microscopy, and now to molecular testing. Although the new era of tumor markers looks promising, for now it still needs the help of "good old cytology."
自历史有记载以来，尿液检查就一直吸引着人们。它可以说是最古老的医学检测方法，标志着检验医学的开端。尿液检查，即尿分析，在当今评估许多病理状况时仍然很重要，这些病理状况包括糖尿病、感染、肾脏和遗传性疾病以及泌尿生殖道癌症。尽管尿细胞学检查简单、安全且廉价，但它的敏感性较差，尤其是对于低级别肿瘤。这一缺点导致了用于评估尿液样本的新诊断技术的激增。尿液检查已经走过了漫长的道路，从尿液外观检查到显微镜检查，现在又发展到分子检测。尽管肿瘤标志物的新时代看起来很有前景，但目前它仍然需要“传统的细胞学检查”的帮助。
