Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Nutrients. 2019 May 1;11(5):998. doi: 10.3390/nu11050998.
The effect of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) on incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) is controversial and few have systematically appraised the evidence. We conducted a comprehensive search of prospective studies examining these relationships that were published in PubMed, Web of Science, or EMBASE from 21 February 1989 to 21 February 2019. A total of 19 studies were included for systematic review and 10 for meta-analysis. We estimated the summarized relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) using a random (if I > 50%) or a fixed effects model (if I ≤ 50%). Although the included studies reported inconclusive results, the majority supported a protective effect of odd-chain and an adverse impact of even-chain SFAs. Meta-analysis showed that the per standard deviation (SD) increase in odd-chain SFAs was associated with a reduced risk of incident T2D (C15:0: 0.86, 0.76-0.98; C17:0: 0.76, 0.59-0.97), while a per SD increase in one even-chain SFA was associated with an increased risk of incident T2D (C14:0: 1.13, 1.09-1.18). No associations were found between other SFAs and incident T2D. In conclusion, our findings suggest an overall protective effect of odd-chain SFAs and the inconclusive impact of even- and very-long-chain SFAs on incident T2D.
饱和脂肪酸 (SFAs) 对 2 型糖尿病 (T2D) 发病的影响存在争议，很少有研究系统地评估过这方面的证据。我们对 1989 年 2 月 21 日至 2019 年 2 月 21 日在 PubMed、Web of Science 和 EMBASE 上发表的评估这些关系的前瞻性研究进行了全面检索。共有 19 项研究进行了系统综述，10 项进行了荟萃分析。我们使用随机效应模型（如果 I > 50%）或固定效应模型（如果 I ≤ 50%）来估计汇总相对风险（RR）和 95%置信区间（95%CI）。虽然纳入的研究报告结果不一致，但大多数研究支持奇数链 SFA 具有保护作用，偶数链 SFA 具有不良影响。荟萃分析显示，奇数链 SFA 每标准偏差（SD）增加与 T2D 发病风险降低相关（C15:0：0.86，0.76-0.98；C17:0：0.76，0.59-0.97），而每 SD 增加一种偶数链 SFA 与 T2D 发病风险增加相关（C14:0：1.13，1.09-1.18）。其他 SFA 与 T2D 发病无关。总之，我们的研究结果表明奇数链 SFA 具有总体保护作用，偶数链和非常长链 SFA 对 T2D 发病的影响不确定。
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