Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
Department, Emergent BioSolutions, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA.
Viruses. 2019 May 2;11(5):410. doi: 10.3390/v11050410.
Ebola virus (EBOV) disease can result in a range of symptoms anywhere from virtually asymptomatic to severe hemorrhagic fever during acute infection. Additionally, spans of asymptomatic persistence in recovering survivors is possible, during which transmission of the virus may occur. In acute infection, substantial cytokine storm and bystander lymphocyte apoptosis take place, resulting in uncontrolled, systemic inflammation in affected individuals. Recently, studies have demonstrated the presence of EBOV proteins VP40, glycoprotein (GP), and nucleoprotein (NP) packaged into extracellular vesicles (EVs) during infection. EVs containing EBOV proteins have been shown to induce apoptosis in recipient immune cells, as well as contain pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this manuscript, we review the current field of knowledge on EBOV EVs including the mechanisms of their biogenesis, their cargo and their effects in recipient cells. Furthermore, we discuss some of the effects that may be induced by EBOV EVs that have not yet been characterized and highlight the remaining questions and future directions.
埃博拉病毒（EBOV）病可导致急性感染期间从几乎无症状到严重出血热的一系列症状。此外，在恢复的幸存者中也可能出现无症状持续期，在此期间可能会发生病毒传播。在急性感染期间，大量细胞因子风暴和旁观者淋巴细胞凋亡发生，导致受影响个体的失控性全身炎症。最近的研究表明，在感染过程中存在将埃博拉病毒蛋白 VP40、糖蛋白（GP）和核蛋白（NP）包装到细胞外囊泡（EV）中的情况。含有埃博拉病毒蛋白的 EV 已被证明可诱导受者免疫细胞凋亡，并包含促炎细胞因子。在本文中，我们综述了关于 EBOV EV 的当前知识领域，包括其生物发生的机制、它们的货物及其在受者细胞中的作用。此外，我们讨论了一些尚未表征的可能由 EBOV EV 诱导的作用，并强调了仍存在的问题和未来方向。
