Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
BMC Infect Dis. 2019 May 3;19(1):380. doi: 10.1186/s12879-019-4027-y.
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly decreased HIV/AIDS-related morbidity and mortality. However, globally, many people living with HIV die from non-AIDS related illnesses including liver diseases which occur partly due to co-infection with HBV and or HCV. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV among HIV infected individuals receiving care from three different hospitals in the Central Region of Ghana.
This research was a case-case study. The population consisted of ART naive persons (newly confirmed HIV cases) and those who had been on ART for more than 3 months (old cases). Each individual's sociodemographic characteristics and clinical data including their HBV and HCV status were collected. Those who knew their HBV and HCV status and those who did not know their status were tested for circulating HBsAg and anti-HCV using rapid diagnostic test cassettes. Descriptive analysis was done, and the data presented as median with interquartile range, frequency and percentage. Fisher's exact test and Pearson Chi-square (χ) test were used to determine associations between categorical variables.
Overall, 394 HIV individuals aged, 3 to 76 years old with a median age of 41 (IQR:34-49) participated in this study. Circulating HBsAg and anti-HCV were detected in 6.1% (24/394) and 0.5% (2/393) participants respectively with an overall seroprevalence of 6.6% (26/394). None of the participants was positive for both HBV and HCV infections. 92.1% (363/394) had no information on their HBV status while all the 394 participants did not know their HCV status during data collection. No significant association of HBV infection rate was found in all the socio-demographic data of the participants. But HBV infection rates were significantly higher in those at WHO clinical stages 2 and 3 (P = 0.004).
HBV and HCV were detected among the HIV-infected participants. Majority of the participants had no information on their HBV status and none of the participants had information on his or her HCV status. This study recommends the need for policy makers to provide free HBV and HCV screening for all HIV infected individuals for their effective management.
抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）显著降低了与艾滋病相关的发病率和死亡率。然而，在全球范围内，许多艾滋病病毒感染者死于非艾滋病相关疾病，包括部分由乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）和/或丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）合并感染引起的肝脏疾病。本研究旨在确定加纳中部三个不同医院接受治疗的艾滋病病毒感染者中 HBV 和 HCV 的血清流行率。
这是一项病例对照研究。研究人群包括初治人群（新确诊的 HIV 病例）和已接受 ART 治疗超过 3 个月的人群（旧病例）。收集每个个体的社会人口统计学特征和临床数据，包括他们的 HBV 和 HCV 状态。那些知道自己 HBV 和 HCV 状态的人和不知道自己状态的人都使用快速诊断检测试剂盒检测循环 HBsAg 和抗-HCV。进行描述性分析，数据以中位数（四分位距）、频率和百分比表示。使用 Fisher 确切检验和 Pearson 卡方（χ）检验来确定分类变量之间的关联。
共有 394 名年龄在 3 至 76 岁的 HIV 感染者参与了这项研究，中位年龄为 41 岁（四分位距：34-49）。循环 HBsAg 和抗-HCV 的检出率分别为 6.1%（24/394）和 0.5%（2/393），总血清流行率为 6.6%（26/394）。没有参与者同时感染 HBV 和 HCV。92.1%（363/394）的参与者没有 HBV 状态信息，而在数据收集期间，所有 394 名参与者都不知道他们的 HCV 状态。在所有参与者的社会人口统计学数据中，HBV 感染率均无显著相关性。但在世界卫生组织临床分期 2 和 3 的患者中，HBV 感染率显著更高（P=0.004）。
在 HIV 感染者中检测到 HBV 和 HCV。大多数参与者没有 HBV 状态信息，也没有参与者有 HCV 状态信息。本研究建议决策者为所有 HIV 感染者提供免费的 HBV 和 HCV 筛查，以进行有效的管理。
