MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
Department of soil and environmental science, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Jun;26(18):18003-18016. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-05073-6. Epub 2019 May 3.
Copper (Cu) is one of the micronutrients needed by living organisms. In plants, Cu plays key roles in chlorophyll formation, photosynthesis, respiratory electron transport chains, oxidative stress protection as well as protein, carbohydrate, and cell wall metabolism. Therefore, deficiency of Cu can alter various functions of plant metabolism. However, Cu-based agrochemicals have traditionally been used in agriculture and being excessively released into the environment by anthropogenic activities. Continuous and extensive release of Cu is an imperative issue with various documented cases of phytotoxicity by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and damage to carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and DNA. The mobility of Cu from soil to plant tissues has several concerns including its adverse effects on humans. In this review, we have described about importance and occurrence of Cu in environment, Cu homeostasis and toxicity in plants as well as remediation and progress in research so far done worldwide in the light of previous findings. Furthermore, present review provides a comprehensive ecological risk assessment on Cu in soils and thus provides insights for agricultural soil management and protection.
铜（Cu）是生物体所需的微量元素之一。在植物中，Cu 在叶绿素形成、光合作用、呼吸电子传递链、氧化应激保护以及蛋白质、碳水化合物和细胞壁代谢中起着关键作用。因此，Cu 的缺乏会改变植物代谢的各种功能。然而，传统上农业中一直使用含 Cu 的农用化学品，并且人为活动会将其过度释放到环境中。Cu 的持续和广泛释放是一个紧迫的问题，有大量文献记录了由于活性氧（ROS）过度产生和对碳水化合物、脂质、蛋白质和 DNA 的损害而导致的植物毒性。Cu 从土壤向植物组织的迁移存在一些问题，包括其对人类的不良影响。在这篇综述中，我们描述了 Cu 在环境中的重要性和存在、植物中的 Cu 稳态和毒性以及迄今为止在全球范围内针对这一问题所做的修复和研究进展，同时根据以往的发现对 Cu 在土壤中的生态风险进行了全面评估，从而为农业土壤管理和保护提供了参考。
