Department of Botany, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
Department of Environment, Geology, and Natural Resources, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA.
Biometals. 2021 Aug;34(4):737-759. doi: 10.1007/s10534-021-00306-z. Epub 2021 Apr 28.
Copper (Cu) is an essential mineral nutrient for the proper growth and development of plants; it is involved in myriad morphological, physiological, and biochemical processes. Copper acts as a cofactor in various enzymes and performs essential roles in photosynthesis, respiration and the electron transport chain, and is a structural component of defense genes. Excess Cu, however, imparts negative effects on plant growth and productivity. Many studies have summarized the adverse effects of excess Cu on germination, growth, photosynthesis, and antioxidant response in agricultural crops. Its inhibitory influence on mineral nutrition, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and antioxidant enzyme activity has been verified. The current review focuses on the availability and uptake of Cu by plants. The toxic effects of excess Cu on seed germination, plant growth and development, photosynthesis, and antioxidant response in plants are discussed. Plant tolerance mechanisms against Cu stress, and management of Cu-contaminated soils are presented.
铜（Cu）是植物正常生长和发育所必需的矿物质营养元素；它参与了无数的形态、生理和生化过程。铜作为各种酶的辅助因子，在光合作用、呼吸作用和电子传递链中发挥着重要作用，是防御基因的结构组成部分。然而，过量的铜会对植物的生长和生产力产生负面影响。许多研究总结了过量铜对农业作物发芽、生长、光合作用和抗氧化反应的不利影响。已经证实了它对矿物质营养、叶绿素生物合成和抗氧化酶活性的抑制作用。本综述重点关注植物对铜的利用和吸收。讨论了过量铜对种子发芽、植物生长发育、光合作用和抗氧化反应的毒性作用。介绍了植物对铜胁迫的耐受机制和铜污染土壤的管理。
