Abbasirad Sarasadat, Ghotbi-Ravandi Ali Akbar
Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
BMC Plant Biol. 2025 Feb 13;25(1):187. doi: 10.1186/s12870-025-06213-6.
Over the years, nanoparticles have emerged as a promising approach for improving crop growth, yield, and overall agricultural sustainability. However, there has been growing concern about the potential adverse effects of nanoparticles in the agricultural sector and the environment. The present study aimed to investigate the detrimental effects of high (1000 mg L) concentrations of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) on barley seedlings. The equivalent concentrations of CuO bulk and the ionic form of copper were also used in the experiments for comparative analysis. CuO NPs were characterized by Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering, Zeta Potential analysis, and X-ray Diffraction prior to the application. Barley seedlings were subjected to the foliar application of CuO NP, CuO bulk, ionic Cu, and control group. The presence of CuO NPs in barley leaves was confirmed 72 hours after treatment by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis.
The results showed a CuO NPs treatment led to an impairment of nutrient balance in barley leaves. An increase in hydrogen peroxide content followed by the higher specific activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase was also observed in response to CuO NPs, CuO bulk, and Cu ions. The profile of phytohormones including auxins (IAA and IBA), Gibberellins (GA, GA, and GA), abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), and jasmonic acid (JA) significantly affected by CuO NPs, CuO bulk, and Cu ions. The transcripts of the PR1 gene involved in systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and LOX-1 and PAL involved in induced systemic resistance (ISR) were significantly upregulated in response to CuO NPs treatment.
Our findings suggest that the systemic resistances in barley seedlings were induced by higher accumulation of ABA, ET, and JA under CuO NPs treatment. The activation of systemic resistances indicated the involvement of both SAR and SAR pathways in the response to CuO NPs in barley.
多年来，纳米颗粒已成为改善作物生长、产量和农业整体可持续性的一种有前景的方法。然而，人们越来越关注纳米颗粒在农业领域和环境中的潜在不利影响。本研究旨在调查高浓度（1000毫克/升）的氧化铜纳米颗粒（CuO NPs）对大麦幼苗的有害影响。实验中还使用了氧化铜块体的等效浓度和铜的离子形式进行对比分析。在应用之前，通过场发射扫描电子显微镜、动态光散射、zeta电位分析和X射线衍射对CuO NPs进行了表征。对大麦幼苗进行了叶面喷施CuO NP、氧化铜块体、离子态铜和对照组的处理。处理72小时后，通过能量色散X射线分析证实了大麦叶片中存在CuO NPs。
结果表明，CuO NPs处理导致大麦叶片营养平衡受损。还观察到，响应CuO NPs、氧化铜块体和铜离子，过氧化氢含量增加，随后过氧化氢酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶的比活性升高。包括生长素（IAA和IBA）、赤霉素（GA、GA和GA）、脱落酸（ABA）、乙烯（ET）和茉莉酸（JA）在内的植物激素谱受到CuO NPs、氧化铜块体和铜离子的显著影响。参与系统获得性抗性（SAR）的PR1基因以及参与诱导系统抗性（ISR）的LOX-1和PAL的转录本在CuO NPs处理后显著上调。
我们的研究结果表明，在CuO NPs处理下，大麦幼苗中的系统抗性是由ABA、ET和JA的更高积累诱导的。系统抗性的激活表明，在大麦对CuO NPs的反应中，SAR和ISR途径均参与其中。
