Department of Bioresource Science and Technology, Hiroshima University, Japan.
NCCR Chemical Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Sciences II, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids. 2020 Jan;1865(1):158453. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.04.013. Epub 2019 May 2.
The endoplasmic reticulum is the site of synthesis of most glycerophospholipids, neutral lipids and the initial steps of sphingolipid biosynthesis of the secretory pathway. After synthesis, these lipids are distributed within the cells to create and maintain the specific compositions of the other secretory organelles. This represents a formidable challenge, particularly while there is a simultaneous and quantitatively important flux of membrane components stemming from the vesicular traffic of proteins through the pathway, which can also vary depending on the cell type and status. To meet this challenge cells have developed an intricate system of interorganellar contacts and lipid transport proteins, functioning in non-vesicular lipid transport, which are able to ensure membrane lipid homeostasis even in the absence of membrane trafficking. Nevertheless, under normal conditions, lipids are transported in cells by both vesicular and non-vesicular mechanisms. In this review we will discuss the mechanism and roles of vesicular and non-vesicular transport of lipids from the ER to other organelles of the secretory pathway.
内质网是大多数甘油磷脂、中性脂质和分泌途径中鞘脂生物合成初始步骤的合成部位。合成后，这些脂质在细胞内分布，以形成和维持其他分泌细胞器的特定组成。这是一项艰巨的挑战，尤其是在通过该途径的蛋白质囊泡运输同时具有定量上重要的膜成分通量的情况下，其还可以根据细胞类型和状态而变化。为了应对这一挑战，细胞已经开发出一种复杂的细胞器间接触和脂质转运蛋白系统，用于非囊泡脂质转运，即使在没有膜运输的情况下，也能够确保膜脂质的动态平衡。然而，在正常情况下，脂质通过囊泡和非囊泡机制在细胞内运输。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论从内质网到分泌途径的其他细胞器的脂质通过囊泡和非囊泡运输的机制和作用。
