Food Design and Consumer Behaviour, Department of Food Science (FOOD), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Data Science Laboratory, Department of Mathematical Sciences (MATH), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
Appetite. 2019 Sep 1;140:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.05.002. Epub 2019 May 3.
Most children do not consume enough vegetables and a key reason is their relatively low hedonic acceptance. The aims of this study were to test if integration of vegetables into a popular snack product might serve as a means to increase the liking for vegetables and to test how exposure frequency influences the intake and liking. Totally 256 children from 12 school classes, aged 7-10 years, participated in the study. School classes were assigned to one of six intervention groups based on the bar they were exposed to: beetroot/carrot (B/C), n = 45; spinach/Jerusalem artichoke (S/J), n = 34; pumpkin/sweet potato (P/S), n = 44; Neutral, n = 46, who received a neutral bar without vegetables; and a Boredom Group, who received the beetroot/carrot (b/c) bar at high frequency, n = 47. These groups received 8 exposures. The Boredom Group was exposed daily while the other groups were exposed every second day. A Control Group (n = 40) was not exposed. Liking for the bars was assessed at baseline and post-intervention and the intake of the bars was recorded during all exposures. Results showed increases in liking for the exposed bars in all groups except the Boredom Group, but changes were only significant in the B/C Group (p = 0.03) and the P/S Group (p = 0.02). Some increases towards unexposed bars were observed. Liking for vegetables remained stable or decreased. Intake of the bars during exposures did not differ significantly between groups, but was somewhat lower in the Boredom Group. In conclusion, repeated exposure may be a successful approach to increase liking for a vegetable bar, but does not generalize to changes in vegetable liking, and a lower exposure frequency may be advantageous.
大多数儿童蔬菜摄入量不足，一个关键原因是他们对蔬菜的享乐接受程度相对较低。本研究的目的是检验将蔬菜融入受欢迎的零食产品是否可以增加对蔬菜的喜爱，并检验暴露频率如何影响摄入量和喜爱程度。共有 256 名 7-10 岁的儿童从 12 个班级中参与了这项研究。根据他们所接触的条形物种类，将班级分为 6 个干预组之一：甜菜根/胡萝卜（B/C），n=45；菠菜/洋蓟（S/J），n=34；南瓜/红薯（P/S），n=44；中性组，n=46，他们食用不含蔬菜的中性条形物；还有一个无聊组，n=47，他们高频次地接受甜菜根/胡萝卜（b/c）条形物。这些组接受 8 次暴露。无聊组每天暴露，而其他组每两天暴露一次。一个对照组（n=40）未暴露。在基线和干预后评估对条形物的喜爱程度，并在所有暴露期间记录条形物的摄入量。结果表明，除了无聊组外，所有组对暴露条形物的喜爱程度都有所增加，但只有 B/C 组（p=0.03）和 P/S 组（p=0.02）的变化具有统计学意义。对未暴露的条形物也观察到一些增加。对蔬菜的喜爱程度保持稳定或下降。在暴露期间，各组条形物的摄入量没有显著差异，但在无聊组中略低。总之，重复暴露可能是增加对蔬菜条形物喜爱的成功方法，但不会推广到对蔬菜的喜爱程度的变化，并且较低的暴露频率可能是有利的。
