Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and Planning, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Landscaping on Challenging Urban Sites, Shanghai, 200232, People's Republic of China.
Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2019 May 4;191(6):345. doi: 10.1007/s10661-019-7476-2.
The environmental sustainability of megacities is a global problem, and megacities are experiencing increasing pressure and challenges with regard to providing a suitable living environment for people. Urban green space plays a crucial role in protecting urban ecological environments and in maintaining the physical and mental health of residents. In this study, a total of 94 soil samples from green spaces in Shanghai, including park green spaces and road green spaces in the eight central urban districts, were collected, and the contents of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed to determine the distribution characteristics and influencing factors and to assess the associated health risks. The accumulation of heavy metals was greater in park green space soils than in road green space soils, although the variation coefficient of the former was lower than that of the latter. Conversely, the accumulation of PAHs was lower in park green space soils than that in road green space soils, although the variation coefficient of the former was higher than that of the latter. In particular, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As, and PAHs have accumulated in Shanghai green space soils. With increasing soil depth (0-2 cm, 2-5 cm, 5-10 cm, and 10-30 cm), the PAH content increased in the park green space soils but decreased in the road green space soils. According to the "Technical guidelines for risk assessment of contaminated sites (MEP of China 2014)," the overall health risk posed by green space soils in urban areas in Shanghai can be considered safe, except at individual sampling sites. The PAH, Cu, and Zn contents of park green space soils might be related to the application of organic materials and to traffic and industry emissions. However, the soil pollutants in road green spaces are predominantly related to traffic and industrial emissions. Therefore, the monitoring and management of soil environmental quality must be strengthened.
大城市的环境可持续性是一个全球性问题，大城市在为人们提供适宜的居住环境方面面临着越来越大的压力和挑战。城市绿地在保护城市生态环境和维护居民身心健康方面发挥着至关重要的作用。本研究采集了上海市 94 个绿地土壤样品，包括 8 个中心城区公园绿地和道路绿地，分析了重金属和多环芳烃（PAHs）的含量，以确定其分布特征、影响因素，并评估其相关健康风险。公园绿地土壤中重金属的积累量大于道路绿地土壤，但前者的变异系数低于后者。相反，公园绿地土壤中 PAHs 的积累量小于道路绿地土壤，但前者的变异系数高于后者。特别是 Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、As 和 PAHs 在上海绿地土壤中积累。随着土壤深度（0-2cm、2-5cm、5-10cm 和 10-30cm）的增加，公园绿地土壤中的 PAH 含量增加，而道路绿地土壤中的含量减少。根据《污染场地风险评估技术导则（HJ 25.3-2014）》，上海市城区绿地土壤的整体健康风险可认为是安全的，除了个别采样点外。公园绿地土壤中 PAH、Cu 和 Zn 的含量可能与有机材料的应用以及交通和工业排放有关。然而，道路绿地土壤中的土壤污染物主要与交通和工业排放有关。因此，必须加强土壤环境质量的监测和管理。
