The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA.
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2021 Aug;36(15-16):NP8852-NP8878. doi: 10.1177/0886260519846859. Epub 2019 May 5.
While adolescent-adult connections have been shown to be protective against violence perpetration and victimization, mechanisms through which these connections confer protection from violence are poorly understood. We assessed whether adolescent-adult connections protected youth in lower resource urban neighborhoods from exposure to environmental risk factors for violence during daily activities. We overlaid on the city landscape minute-by-minute activity paths from 274 randomly sampled predominantly African American male youth, ages 10 to 24, enrolled in a population-based study of daily activities in Philadelphia, PA, to calculate environmental exposures and to compare exposures along actual versus shortest potential travel routes. Adolescent-adult connections were defined using brief survey questions and detailed family genograms. Analyses demonstrated that youth's selected travel routes resulted in significantly lower exposure to several types of crime, including vandalism, narcotics arrests, and disorderly conduct, than would have occurred on shortest potential routes. On average, youth with adolescent-adult connections spent less time outdoors than youth without connections, although these differences did not reach statistical significance ( = .06). There were no significant differences in environmental risk factors encountered by youth with versus without adolescent-adult connections. Future mixed-methods research combining qualitative and geographic information systems (GIS) approaches should investigate which factors shape travel decisions during daily activities to guide multimodal violence prevention interventions.
虽然青少年与成年人的联系已被证明可以预防暴力行为的发生和受害，但这些联系保护人们免受暴力侵害的机制仍知之甚少。我们评估了青少年与成年人的联系是否可以保护资源较少的城市社区中的年轻人免受日常活动中暴力环境风险因素的影响。我们根据宾夕法尼亚州费城一项基于人群的日常活动研究中随机抽取的 274 名主要为非裔美国男性青少年（年龄在 10 至 24 岁之间）的每分钟活动路径，叠加了城市景观，计算了环境暴露情况，并比较了实际和最短潜在旅行路线上的暴露情况。青少年与成年人的联系是通过简短的调查问题和详细的家庭系谱图来定义的。分析表明，与最短潜在路线相比，年轻人选择的旅行路线会导致几种类型的犯罪（包括破坏公物、毒品逮捕和行为不检）暴露显著降低。平均而言，与没有联系的年轻人相比，有联系的年轻人在户外活动的时间较少，但这些差异没有达到统计学意义（ =.06）。有联系的年轻人和没有联系的年轻人遇到的环境风险因素没有显著差异。未来应结合定性和地理信息系统（GIS）方法的混合方法研究，调查哪些因素影响日常活动中的旅行决策，以指导多模式暴力预防干预措施。
