Hambrecht-Wiedbusch Viviane S, LaTendresse Katherine A, Avidan Michael S, Nelson Amanda G, Phyle Margaret, Ajluni Romi E, Mashour George A
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
Front Behav Neurosci. 2019 Apr 17;13:76. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00076. eCollection 2019.
Studies in animals have shown that general anesthesia can cause persistent spatial memory impairment, but the influence of anesthetics on other cognitive functions is unclear. This study tested whether exposure to general anesthesia without surgery caused a persistent deficit in attention in rodents. To evaluate whether anesthesia has persistent effects on attention, rats were randomized to three groups. Group A was exposed for 2 h to isoflurane anesthesia, and tested the following seven days for attentional deficits. Group B was used as a control and received room air before attentional testing. Since there is some evidence that a subanesthetic dose of ketamine can improve cognition and reduce disorders of attention after surgery, rats in group C were exposed to isoflurane anesthesia in combination with a ketamine injection before cognitive assessment. Attention was measured in rats using the 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task, for which animals were trained to respond with a nose poke on a touchscreen to a brief, unpredictable visual stimulus in one of five possible grid locations to receive a food reward. Attention was analyzed as % accuracy, % omission, and premature responses. Evaluating acute attention by comparing baseline values with data from the day after intervention did not reveal any differences in attentional measurements. No significant differences were seen in % accuracy, % omission, and premature responses for the three groups tested for 7 consecutive days. These data in healthy rodents suggest that general anesthesia without surgery has no persistent effect on attention and the addition of ketamine does not alter the outcome.
对动物的研究表明，全身麻醉可导致持续性空间记忆损害，但麻醉剂对其他认知功能的影响尚不清楚。本研究测试了在无手术情况下暴露于全身麻醉是否会导致啮齿动物出现持续性注意力缺陷。为评估麻醉对注意力是否有持续性影响，将大鼠随机分为三组。A组暴露于异氟烷麻醉2小时，并在接下来的七天测试注意力缺陷。B组作为对照，在注意力测试前接受室内空气。由于有一些证据表明亚麻醉剂量的氯胺酮可改善认知并减少术后注意力障碍，C组大鼠在认知评估前暴露于异氟烷麻醉并注射氯胺酮。使用5-选择连续反应时间任务测量大鼠的注意力，在此任务中，训练动物用鼻子戳触摸屏上五个可能网格位置之一中的短暂、不可预测的视觉刺激以获得食物奖励。注意力分析为准确率、漏报率和过早反应率。通过将基线值与干预后一天的数据进行比较来评估急性注意力，未发现注意力测量有任何差异。连续7天测试的三组在准确率、漏报率和过早反应率方面均未发现显著差异。这些在健康啮齿动物中的数据表明，无手术的全身麻醉对注意力没有持续性影响，添加氯胺酮也不会改变结果。
