Poisson Emilie, Trouverie Jacques, Brunel-Muguet S, Akmouche Yacine, Pontet Célia, Pinochet Xavier, Avice Jean-Christophe
UMR Ecophysiologie Végétale et Agronomie (EVA), Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INRA, SFR Normandie Végétal (FED4277), Caen, France.
Terres Inovia, Centre de Recherche INRA de Toulouse, Bâtiment AGIR, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
Front Plant Sci. 2019 Apr 16;10:458. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00458. eCollection 2019.
Although the impact of sulfur (S) availability on the seed yield and nutritional quality of seeds has been demonstrated, its impact coupled with nitrogen (N) availability remains poorly studied in oilseed rape. A deeper knowledge of S and N interactions on seed yield components and seed quality could improve S and N fertilization management in a sustainable manner. To address this question, our goals were to determine the effects of nine different S fertilization management strategies (i) in interaction with different levels of N fertilization and (ii) according to the timing of application (by delaying and fractionating the S inputs) on agronomic performances and components of seed yield. The impact of these various managements of S and N fertilizations was also investigated on the seed quality with a focus on the composition of SSPs (mainly represented by napins and cruciferins). Our results highlighted synergetic effects on S and N use efficiencies at optimum rates of S and N inputs and antagonistic effects at excessive rates of one of the two elements. The data indicated that adjustment of S and N fertilization may lead to high seed yield and seed protein quality in a sustainable manner, especially in the context of reductions in N inputs. Delaying S inputs improved the seed protein quality by significantly increasing the relative abundance of napin (a SSP rich in S-containing amino acids) and decreasing the level of a cruciferin at 30 kDa (a SSP with low content of S-amino acids). These observations suggest that fractionated or delayed S fertilizer inputs could provide additional insights into the development of N and S management strategies to maintain or improve seed yield and protein quality. Our results also demonstrated that the S% in seeds and the napin:30 kDa-cruciferin ratio are highly dependent on S/N fertilization in relation to S supply. In addition, we observed a strong relationship between S% in seeds and the abundance of napin as well as the napin:30 kDa-cruciferin ratio, suggesting that S% may be used as a relevant index for the determination of protein quality in seeds in terms of S-containing amino acids.
尽管已有研究表明硫（S）有效性对种子产量和种子营养品质有影响，但在油菜中，其与氮（N）有效性共同作用的影响仍鲜少被研究。深入了解S和N对种子产量构成要素和种子品质的相互作用，有助于以可持续的方式改进S和N施肥管理。为解决这一问题，我们的目标是确定九种不同的S施肥管理策略的影响：（i）与不同水平的N施肥相互作用；（ii）根据施用时间（通过延迟和分次施用S投入）对农艺性能和种子产量构成要素的影响。还研究了这些不同的S和N施肥管理对种子品质的影响，重点关注种子贮藏蛋白（主要以napins和cruciferins表示）的组成。我们的结果突出显示，在S和N投入达到最佳比例时，对S和N利用效率具有协同效应，而当两种元素之一过量时则具有拮抗效应。数据表明，调整S和N施肥可能以可持续的方式实现高种子产量和种子蛋白质品质，特别是在减少N投入的情况下。延迟S投入通过显著增加napin（一种富含含硫氨基酸的种子贮藏蛋白）的相对丰度和降低30 kDa的cruciferin（一种含硫氨基酸含量低的种子贮藏蛋白）水平，提高了种子蛋白质品质。这些观察结果表明，分次或延迟施用S肥料可为制定维持或提高种子产量和蛋白质品质的N和S管理策略提供更多见解。我们的结果还表明，种子中的S%以及napin:30 kDa-cruciferin比率高度依赖于与S供应相关的S/N施肥。此外，我们观察到种子中的S%与napin的丰度以及napin:30 kDa-cruciferin比率之间存在密切关系，这表明就含硫氨基酸而言，S%可作为确定种子蛋白质品质的相关指标。
