Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States.
Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 Feb;40(1):3-11. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1683884. Epub 2019 May 6.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a syndrome of inflammatory lung injury currently defined as the rapid onset of hypoxemia and radiographic opacities from a recent direct or indirect insult that is not explained by other causes. While the diagnostic criteria used to define ARDS are helpful in the clinical setting, they are not entirely specific for the characteristic pathophysiology of diffuse alveolar lung damage. This case definition introduces challenges to the reliable and accurate epidemiologic study of the condition. Within these limitations, ARDS appears to be a condition that is relatively rare within the general population but common within the context of the intensive care unit. Furthermore, the frequency and outcomes of ARDS seem to vary between populations, with no clearly discernible temporal trends in incidence or case fatality that are uniform across studies.
急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）是一种炎症性肺损伤综合征，目前的定义为近期直接或间接损伤后迅速出现的低氧血症和影像学混浊，不能用其他原因解释。虽然用于定义 ARDS 的诊断标准在临床环境中很有帮助，但它们并不能完全特异性地反映弥漫性肺泡损伤的特征性病理生理学。这种病例定义给该疾病的可靠和准确的流行病学研究带来了挑战。在这些限制下，ARDS 似乎在一般人群中相对罕见，但在重症监护病房中很常见。此外，ARDS 的频率和结局似乎在不同人群之间有所不同，在不同研究中，发病率或病死率均无明显的时间趋势。
