Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology,Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam,1081 BT Amsterdam,The Netherlands;and The Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (NSCR),1008 BH Amsterdam,The
Behav Brain Sci. 2018 Jan;41:e115. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X18000201.
Most moral demands indeed are externally imposed, as violations are subject to social condemnation. While in modern society objectified moral demands may serve as a cue for desirable interaction partners, human morality evolved in small tribes that offered little choice regarding with whom to cooperate. Instead, it was adaptive to objectify moral demands to avoid the costs of social exclusion.
大多数道德要求确实是外部强加的，因为违反道德会受到社会谴责。虽然在现代社会中，客观化的道德要求可以作为寻找理想互动伙伴的线索，但人类道德是在小部落中进化的，在与谁合作方面几乎没有选择。相反，客观化道德要求是适应的，以避免被社会排斥的代价。
