Beneficial Effects of Rhodiola and Salidroside in Diabetes: Potential Role of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase.

Diabetes mellitus represents a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by impaired lipid homeostasis and carbohydrate metabolism, gradually leading to persistent hyperglycemia. The extracts of Rhodiola species are widely used as herbal medicine or dietary supplement in Asia, Europe and the United States. Salidroside, a p-hydroxyphenethyl-β-glucoside compound, is the main active ingredient of the Rhodiola root. Recently, various studies have suggested that Rhodiola and salidroside may have pharmacological properties that could be used in the treatment of diabetes, as studies have confirmed that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and AMPK-related signaling are connected with its beneficial effects. This review aims to summarize the research progress of Rhodiola and salidroside in the treatment of diabetes. A detailed summary of AMPK and AMPK-related signaling induced by Rhodiola and salidroside are discussed.